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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback
06:31

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback

Published on: June 19, 2016

Force control and its relation to timing.

S W Keele1, R I Ivry, R A Pokorny

  • 1a University of Oregon.

Journal of Motor Behavior
|August 16, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study identifies force control as a third general factor of human coordination, alongside timing and movement rate. Individuals skilled in precise force application with one body part show similar abilities with others.

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Force and Position Control in Humans - The Role of Augmented Feedback
06:31

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Area of Science:

  • Motor Control
  • Human Movement Science
  • Motor Learning

Background:

  • Previous research identified timing and movement rate as key factors in motor coordination.
  • Individual differences in motor skills are often attributed to these general coordination factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate force control as a potential third general factor of human coordination.
  • To determine if force control ability is consistent across different effectors and task demands.

Main Methods:

  • Participants performed force reproduction tasks using finger, foot, and forearm effectors.
  • Force variability was measured across different force levels and task goals (primary vs. secondary).
  • Force records from a periodic tapping task were analyzed for interactions with timing.

Main Results:

  • Low force variability with one effector correlated with low variability in others, supporting a general force control factor.
  • Force control ability was consistent across various force ranges and task contexts.
  • Force control was largely independent of timing but showed minor interactions, with force variation slightly distorting temporal intervals.

Conclusions:

  • Force control represents a third fundamental factor of human motor coordination.
  • This factor is generalizable across different effectors and task conditions.
  • Interactions between force control and timing mechanisms warrant further investigation.