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Related Concept Videos

Viscosity01:27

Viscosity

Viscosity is a property of fluids that measures their resistance to flow. It is influenced by factors such as the surface area of contact, the gradient of flow speed, and the fluid's viscosity constant, called the coefficient of viscosity. The coefficient of viscosity, also known as dynamic viscosity, is denoted by the symbol η. It determines the proportionality between the viscous force and the gradient of flow speed.Newton's law of viscosity states that the viscous force on a faster-moving...
Viscosity01:17

Viscosity

When water is poured into a glass, it falls freely and quickly, whereas if honey or maple syrup is poured over a pancake, it flows slowly and sticks to the surface of the container. This difference in the flow of different kinds of liquids arises due to the fluid friction between the liquid layers and the liquid and the surrounding material. This property of fluids is called fluid viscosity. In this example, water has a lower viscosity than honey and maple syrup.
The SI unit of viscosity is...
Viscosity of Fluid01:19

Viscosity of Fluid

Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.
Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving01:18

Newtonian Fluid: Problem Solving

Newtonian fluids exhibit a constant viscosity, meaning their shear stress and shear strain rate are directly proportional. This property ensures a predictable and stable response to applied forces, maintaining a linear relationship between force and flow. Examples include water, air, and light oils, consistently demonstrating this proportional behavior regardless of external conditions.
A velocity gradient forms within the fluid when a Newtonian fluid is placed between two parallel plates, with...
Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes01:23

Steady, Laminar Flow in Circular Tubes

Hagen-Poiseuille flow describes a viscous fluid's steady, incompressible flow through a cylindrical tube with a constant radius R. This flow profile is often applied to understand fluid transport in narrow channels, such as capillaries. It serves as a foundational example of laminar flow. In this model, cylindrical coordinates (r,θ,z) are used to describe the radial (r), angular (θ), and axial (z) dimensions within the tube. For Hagen-Poiseuille flow, the velocity profile is purely axial,...
Laminar and Turbulent Flow01:07

Laminar and Turbulent Flow

Fluid dynamics is the study of fluids in motion. Velocity vectors are often used to illustrate fluid motion in applications like meteorology. For example, wind—the fluid motion of air in the atmosphere—can be represented by vectors indicating the speed and direction of the wind at any given point on a map. Another method for representing fluid motion is a streamline. A streamline represents the path of a small volume of fluid as it flows. When the flow pattern changes with time, the streamlines...

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An Analog Macroscopic Technique for Studying Molecular Hydrodynamic Processes in Dense Gases and Liquids
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Eddy viscosity in dense granular flows.

T Miller1, P Rognon, B Metzger

  • 1Particles and Grains Laboratory, School of Civil Engineering, The University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.

Physical Review Letters
|August 20, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Dense granular flows exhibit non-linear, S-shaped velocity profiles, deviating from predictions. This study models these profiles using nonlocal behavior and wall perturbations, offering insights for granular materials and suspensions.

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Visually Based Characterization of the Incipient Particle Motion in Regular Substrates: From Laminar to Turbulent Conditions

Published on: February 22, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Rheology
  • Soft Matter Physics
  • Fluid Dynamics

Background:

  • Dense granular flows are prevalent in industrial and natural settings.
  • Understanding their flow behavior, especially near boundaries, is crucial.
  • Existing local constitutive laws fail to predict observed velocity profiles.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the velocity profiles of dense granular flows in a stadium shear geometry.
  • To propose a model explaining the observed non-linear velocity profiles.
  • To provide insights applicable to granular flows and similar materials.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental study using a stadium shear geometry for steady shear flow.
  • Analysis of velocity profiles under large deformations and constant shear stress.
  • Development of a nonlocal model analogous to eddy viscosity.

Main Results:

  • Observed S-shaped velocity profiles, contradicting linear predictions from local constitutive laws.
  • Demonstrated the influence of wall perturbations propagating through the material.
  • Validated a model incorporating nonlocal effects and wall distance.

Conclusions:

  • Nonlocal effects and wall perturbations are key to understanding dense granular flow velocity profiles.
  • The proposed model offers a new framework for predicting flow behavior near boundaries.
  • Findings are relevant for granular flows, dense suspensions, foams, and emulsions.