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The development of a simple ballistic skill with and without visual control
1a Department of Physical Education , University of Leeds.
Journal of Motor Behavior
|August 20, 2013
Summary
Children
Area of Science:
- Motor control and development
- Human factors and ergonomics
- Perceptual-motor skills
Background:
- Understanding the developmental trajectory of motor control is crucial for various fields.
- Assessing the perception of effort in motor tasks provides insights into proprioception and kinesthetic sense.
- Limited research exists on how age and visual feedback interact to influence effort discrimination in a ballistic aiming task.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the influence of age and visual feedback on the perception of effort in a ballistic aiming task.
- To determine how distance affects effort discrimination across different age groups.
- To analyze the interaction between age and visual conditions in modulating motor effort perception.
Main Methods:
- A split-plot factorial design was employed with 80 male participants across four age groups (5-6, 10-11, 15-16, 18+ years).
- Participants performed a 1-handed ballistic aiming task involving aligning a trolley with a pointer at varying distances.
- Two visual conditions were implemented: full vision (both hands and target visible) and non-vision (neither visible).
Main Results:
- Mean absolute error scores increased significantly with greater task distance and decreased with increasing age.
- Accuracy was further reduced in the non-vision condition across all age groups.
- Age, vision condition, distance, and the interaction between age and vision were all statistically significant (p<.01).
Conclusions:
- Age and visual feedback are critical factors influencing effort perception in ballistic aiming tasks.
- Reduced visual input and increased task complexity (distance) significantly impair performance and likely alter effort perception.
- Developmental changes in motor control and sensory integration are evident in how individuals perceive and execute aiming tasks.
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