Recent advances on host plants and expression cassettes' structure and function in plant molecular pharming

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Molecular Biology
• Plant Sciences

Background:

• Plant molecular pharming offers a sustainable system for producing recombinant proteins like antibodies and vaccines.
• It presents an alternative to traditional protein extraction, addressing safety and availability concerns.
• Key factors include plant hosts, gene selection, expression vectors, and purification methods.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advances and strategies in plant molecular pharming.
• To highlight the importance of plant host selection and molecular pharming elements.
• To discuss approaches for enhancing recombinant protein expression, accumulation, and purification.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent literature on plant molecular pharming strategies.
• Focus on plant host selection and expression system components.
• Analysis of upstream (promoters, codon optimization, signal sequences) and downstream (purification) processing.

Main Results:

• Plant species significantly impact recombinant protein yield.
• Expression strategies, including vector design, are crucial for high accumulation.
• Optimized promoters, codon optimization, signal sequences, and purification techniques improve protein quality and quantity.

Conclusions:

• Plant molecular pharming is a viable system for producing therapeutic proteins.
• Careful selection of plant hosts and molecular tools is essential for success.
• Advancements in expression and purification enhance the efficiency and safety of this technology.