Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 8, 2026

Visualizing Motion Patterns in Acupuncture Manipulation
Published on: July 16, 2016
Learning the direction and extent of a movement
1a College of Health, Physical Education, and Recreation , The Pennsylvania State University.
Abstract:
The hypotheses (a) that the memory trace and perceptual trace are independent memory states and (b) that they develop as a positive function of the amount of practice on the criterion movement were tested. The criterion movement studied was a linear displacement of a stylus in two dimensions (direction and extent) in the horizontal plane. The experiment had two phases: 92 acquisition trials with knowledge of results (KR) and 20 transfer trials without KR. Four groups of 10 male and female college students performed the acquisition trials under one of four movement conditions: (a) criterion extent and criterion direction, (b) criterion extent and varied direction, (c) varied extent and criterion direction, and (d) varied extent and varied direction. The data, showing support for the assumption and the hypothesis under test, were interpreted as evidence in favor of Adams' (1971) closed-loop theory of motor learning.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Anatomical Movements
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist, metacarpophalangeal,...
Curvilinear Motion: Rectangular Components
As the car advances, its position evolves over time. Quantifying the car's velocity involves computing the time...
Absolute Motion Analysis- General Plane Motion
As the drone's propellers rotate, an upward force is generated that counteracts the force of gravity, enabling the drone to lift off from the ground. This initial movement of the drone is along a straight path, representing a form of translational motion. In this phase, every point on the drone...
Direction of Acceleration Vectors
Relative Motion Analysis - Acceleration
Position and Displacement Vectors
Further, several important kinds of...

