Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Subliminal Perception01:15

Subliminal Perception

Subliminal perception refers to the processing of sensory information that occurs below the level of conscious awareness. Researchers study subliminal perception by presenting a stimulus, such as a word or image, very quickly, typically around 50 milliseconds. This rapid presentation is often followed by another stimulus, such as a pattern of dots or lines, which blocks further mental processing of the initial stimulus. As a result, if participants cannot identify the initial stimulus better...
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
Perception01:28

Perception

Perception is a fundamental psychological process that enables individuals to organize, interpret, and consciously experience sensory information. This process is crucial for understanding and interacting with the world around us. It includes both bottom-up and top-down processing, each playing a distinct role in how we perceive our environment.
Bottom-up processing begins at the sensory level, where receptors detect external environmental stimuli. These could include the tactile sensation of...
Factors Affecting Perception01:25

Factors Affecting Perception

Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
An illustrative example of a perceptual set is the scenario where an airline pilot told...
Subconsciousness and No Awareness01:15

Subconsciousness and No Awareness

The concept of subconscious awareness refers to the processing of information below the level of conscious thought, which significantly influences both behaviors and decisions. It is also known as waking subconscious awareness. This complex level of cognition operates without the direct awareness of the individual, facilitating rapid and simultaneous handling of multiple information streams.
An illustrative example of subconscious processing is its role in problem-solving. Often, individuals...
Sensation01:21

Sensation

Sensory receptors are specialized neurons that respond to specific types of external stimuli, initiating the process known as sensation. This occurs when sensory input, such as light entering the eye, is detected by these receptors, causing chemical changes in the cells of the retina. These cells then convert the sensory stimulus into action potentials that are transmitted to the central nervous system, a process termed transduction.
Absolute thresholds can quantify the sensitivity of sensory...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Sensory horizons, reality monitoring, and the higher-order nature of consciousness: A critical look.

The Behavioral and brain sciences·2026
Same author

Confidence in naturalistic decision making.

Neuroscience of consciousness·2026
Same author

Frequency-tagging as a measure of conscious face perception.

Cortex; a journal devoted to the study of the nervous system and behavior·2026
Same author

Best-of-n decision making by human groups.

PloS one·2026
Same author

Sleep deprivation disrupts the gatekeeping role of confidence in belief updating.

Journal of experimental psychology. Applied·2026
Same author

Exploring the role of micro-valence in the phenomenal space: insights from similarity judgments and deep learning models.

Neuroscience of consciousness·2026
Same journal

Corrigendum to "Productivity matters for the neural processing of novel words, but not existing ones" Cognition Volume 274 (2026) 106593.

Cognition·2026
Same journal

Investigating the origins of partisanship: What motivates children to preferentially endorse their ingroups' claims?

Cognition·2026
Same journal

People make graded judgments about the inconceivable.

Cognition·2026
Same journal

The self as an image: Appearance and belief in visual representations of one's own face.

Cognition·2026
Same journal

Corrigendum to 'Consonant, vowel, and tone cues in early wordform recognition: Evidence from Cantonese-learning infants' [Cognition 275 (2026) 106624].

Cognition·2026
Same journal

Identifying distinct sources of whole number interference in children's decimal comparison: the role of numerical magnitude and inhibitory control.

Cognition·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

Subjective visibility depends on level of processing.

Bert Windey1, Wim Gevers, Axel Cleeremans

  • 1ULB Neuroscience Institute (UNI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Building C / Campus Erasme, CP 602, 808, Route de Lennik, 1070 Bruxelles, Belgium; Center for Research in Cognitive Neurosciences (CRCN), Université Libre de Bruxelles, CP 191, Avenue F.D. Roosevelt 50, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium; Consciousness, Cognition and Computation Group, Université Libre de Bruxelles CP 191, Avenue F.-D. Roosevelt, 50, 1050 Bruxelles, Belgium.

Cognition
|August 28, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Visual awareness may depend on task complexity. Low-level tasks show gradual visual awareness, while high-level tasks exhibit a more non-linear, binary pattern, integrating two theories of visual awareness.

Keywords:
AwarenessConsciousnessDichotomousGradedPsychophysicsVision

More Related Videos

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
07:34

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 8, 2026

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
05:48

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients

Published on: June 12, 2020

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments
13:00

Measuring Attention and Visual Processing Speed by Model-based Analysis of Temporal-order Judgments

Published on: January 23, 2017

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues
07:34

Perceptual and Category Processing of the Uncanny Valley Hypothesis' Dimension of Human Likeness: Some Methodological Issues

Published on: June 3, 2013

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Perception

Background:

  • The nature of visual awareness is debated, with theories proposing it as either graded or binary.
  • Previous experimental findings have supported both contradictory accounts.
  • A unifying factor for these theories remains elusive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of stimulus processing depth in visual awareness.
  • To reconcile the graded and binary theories of visual awareness.
  • To determine if task complexity influences the pattern of visual awareness.

Main Methods:

  • Comparison of low-level (color identification) and high-level (numerical judgment) tasks using identical stimuli.
  • Analysis of psychophysical curves for objective discrimination and subjective visibility ratings.
  • Manipulation of stimulus processing levels in follow-up experiments.

Main Results:

  • A graded relationship between stimulus duration and visibility was observed in the low-level task.
  • A non-linear, more binary relationship was found in the high-level task.
  • Results align with previous associations of graded and dichotomous accounts of awareness.

Conclusions:

  • Task-dependent stimulus processing depth is a key factor in visual awareness.
  • This finding integrates previously contradictory theories of visual awareness.
  • The depth of processing offers a unified framework for understanding visual awareness.