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Related Concept Videos

Nucleosome Remodeling02:54

Nucleosome Remodeling

Nucleosomes are the basic units of chromatin compaction. Each nucleosome consists of the DNA bound tightly around a histone core, which makes the DNA inaccessible to DNA binding proteins such as DNA polymerase and RNA polymerase. Hence, the fundamental problem is to ensure access to DNA when appropriate, despite the compact and protective chromatin structure.
Nucleosome remodeling complex
Eukaryotic cells have specialized enzymes called ATP-dependent nucleosome remodeling enzymes. These enzymes...
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Chromatin modification alters gene expression; therefore, scientists can add histone-modifying enzymes, histone variants, and chromatin remodeling complexes to somatic cells to aid reprogramming into pluripotent stem (iPS) cells.
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Inheritance of Chromatin Structures03:17

Inheritance of Chromatin Structures

Epigenetics is the study of inherited changes in a cell's phenotype without changing the DNA sequences. It provides a form of memory for the differential gene expression pattern to maintain cell lineage, position-effect variegation, dosage compensation, and maintenance of chromatin structures such as telomeres and centromeres. For example, the structure and location of the centromere on chromosomes are epigenetically inherited. Its functionality is not dictated or ensured by the underlying DNA...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
The enzyme histone acetyltransferase adds acetyl group to the histones. Another enzyme, histone deacetylase,...
Histone Modification02:32

Histone Modification

The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
Acetylation
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Duplication of Chromatin Structure02:05

Duplication of Chromatin Structure

The process of chromosome duplication during cell division requires genome-wide disruption and re-assembly of chromatin. The chromatin structure must be accurately inherited, reassembled, and maintained in the daughter cells to ensure lineage propagation.
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In Situ Nucleosome Assembly for Single-Molecule Correlative Force and Fluorescence Microscopy
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In Situ Nucleosome Assembly for Single-Molecule Correlative Force and Fluorescence Microscopy

Published on: September 6, 2024

Nucleosome remodeling and epigenetics.

Peter B Becker1, Jerry L Workman

  • 1BioMedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-University, D-80336 Munich, Germany. pbecker@med.uni-muenchen.de

Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology
|September 5, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nucleosome remodeling ATPases maintain chromatin flexibility for cellular responses. These enzymes alter nucleosome structure, impacting DNA accessibility and genome function.

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Biochemical Assays for Analyzing Activities of ATP-dependent Chromatin Remodeling Enzymes
10:14

Biochemical Assays for Analyzing Activities of ATP-dependent Chromatin Remodeling Enzymes

Published on: October 25, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Epigenetics
  • Chromatin Dynamics

Background:

  • Eukaryotic chromatin structure is regulated by "nucleosome remodeling" ATPases to ensure dynamic responses to cellular signals.
  • These ATPases, related to helicases, undergo conformational changes upon ATP binding and hydrolysis.
  • Their function is crucial for maintaining genome integrity and regulating gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms by which nucleosome remodeling ATPases modulate chromatin structure.
  • To understand how these enzymes influence DNA accessibility and epigenetic states.
  • To highlight the integration of remodeling with other epigenetic mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • The study focuses on the functional mechanisms of nucleosome remodeling ATPases.
  • Analysis of enzyme interactions with ATP, DNA, and histones.
  • Investigating the effects of remodeling on nucleosome disassembly, histone exchange, and nucleosome positioning.

Main Results:

  • Nucleosome remodeling ATPases alter histone-DNA interactions within nucleosomes.
  • Enzyme activity results in nucleosome disassembly, histone variant exchange, or octamer movement.
  • Remodeling can either increase or decrease DNA accessibility, influencing protein interactions.
  • These processes are integral to diverse aspects of genome function.

Conclusions:

  • Nucleosome remodeling ATPases are key regulators of chromatin dynamics and genome accessibility.
  • Their actions are essential for cellular responses to environmental, metabolic, and developmental cues.
  • Stable epigenetic states are assembled through the integration of remodeling with histone modifications and RNA metabolism.