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Related Concept Videos

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I01:14

Cranial Nerves: Types Part I

Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves, with the first six being essential in sensory perception, motor control, and autonomic functions related to the head and neck.
Olfactory Nerve (Cranial Nerve I)
The olfactory nerve, or cranial nerve I, is unique as it is purely sensory and dedicated to the sense of smell. This nerve originates in the olfactory epithelium of the...
Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction01:26

Transient Ischemic Attack l: Introduction

A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of neurological dysfunction caused by a temporary, focal reduction in cerebral blood flow. Although symptoms resemble those of an ischemic stroke, the interruption in perfusion is short-lived and does not cause permanent infarction. TIAs are clinically important because they often serve as early warning events for future stroke.Mechanisms of Transient Cerebral IschemiaTransient cerebral ischemia may arise through several mechanisms. One...
Cranial Nerves: Types Part II01:22

Cranial Nerves: Types Part II

Cranial nerves are responsible for transmitting motor and sensory information between the brain and various parts of the body. There are twelve pairs of cranial nerves. While the first six innervate the head and neck, the latter six nerves innervate the head and neck, as well as organs and tissues in the thoracic and abdominal cavities. They facilitate communication, expression, and autonomic control within the human body.
Facial Nerve (Cranial Nerve VII)
Cranial nerve VII, or the facial nerve,...
Cranial Part of Parasympathetic Division01:18

Cranial Part of Parasympathetic Division

The cranial part of the parasympathetic division plays a crucial role in regulating the visceral functions of the head and specific structures in the neck, thoracic, and abdominopelvic cavities. Preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic division exit the brain through cranial nerves III (oculomotor), VII (facial), IX (glossopharyngeal), and X (vagus), delivering parasympathetic output to the respective visceral structures.
The vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) alone accounts for approximately 75...
Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones01:29

Blood and Nerve Supply to the Bones

Bones are dynamic organs that require a rich supply of oxygen and nutrients. Around 5% to 10% of the cardiac output supplies blood to the bones. A typical long bone has three main sources: the nutrient artery, the metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries, and the periosteal arteries.
Nutrient Artery
The nutrient artery is the main blood vessel that enters the diaphysis via the nutrient foramen. While most long bones have only one nutrient foramen, large bones, such as the femur, may have two. This...

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Updated: May 8, 2026

Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain
09:35

Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain

Published on: May 10, 2017

Trigeminal neuralgia.

D Leclercq1, J-B Thiebaut, F Héran

  • 1Neuroradiology Department, Pitié-Salpêtrière Hospital Group, UPMC, 47-83, boulevard de l'Hôpital, 75013 Paris, France.

Diagnostic and Interventional Imaging
|September 7, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Essential neuralgia, often caused by neurovascular compression, requires specific imaging protocols. Diagnosis involves identifying compression at the root entry zone (REZ) of the trigeminal nerve (CN V) pathways.

Keywords:
Cranial nervesPainTrigeminal neuralgia

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Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances
10:35

Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances

Published on: July 5, 2011

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Last Updated: May 8, 2026

Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain
09:35

Subcutaneous Trigeminal Nerve Field Stimulation for Refractory Facial Pain

Published on: May 10, 2017

Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances
10:35

Microvascular Decompression: Salient Surgical Principles and Technical Nuances

Published on: July 5, 2011

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Neuroanatomy

Background:

  • Neuralgia presents as essential or secondary types, each linked to distinct pathologies.
  • The trigeminal nerve (CN V) pathway involves the cervical spine, brainstem, nerve root, and peripheral branches (V1, V2, V3).
  • Lesions causing neuralgia can be neoplastic, vascular, inflammatory, malformative, or post-traumatic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline an examination protocol for investigating trigeminal nerve (CN V) pathways in neuralgia.
  • To detail the diagnostic criteria for neurovascular compression as the primary cause of essential neuralgia.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing T2-weighted inframillimetric volume imaging to detect neurovascular compression.
  • Evaluating the trigeminal nerve (CN V) pathways, focusing on the root entry zone (REZ).

Main Results:

  • Neurovascular compression is identified as the principal etiology of essential neuralgia.
  • Diagnostic criteria for neurovascular compression include localization within the REZ (2-6mm from pons emergence) and perpendicularity.
  • In cases lacking neurovascular compression, thin-slice imaging with gadolinium contrast is indicated.

Conclusions:

  • A comprehensive examination protocol is essential for diagnosing neuralgia by exploring all CN V pathways.
  • Accurate diagnosis of essential neuralgia relies on identifying specific neurovascular compression characteristics.
  • Alternative imaging techniques are necessary when neurovascular compression is not evident.