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The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Regulation of Angiogenesis and Blood Supply

Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits. Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...

Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 8, 2026

Preparation Of Neovascular Tissues from Human Glioma Tissues for Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Tumor Angiogenesis

Preparation Of Neovascular Tissues from Human Glioma Tissues for Quantitative Proteomics Analysis of Tumor Angiogenesis

Published on: March 20, 2026

Targeting angiogenesis and the tumor microenvironment.

Jennifer Samples¹, Monte Willis, Nancy Klauber-Demore

¹Division of Surgical Oncology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 4001 Burnett-Womack Building, CB #7050, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA.

Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America

|September 10, 2013

Summary

The tumor microenvironment, crucial for cancer, involves complex cell interactions. Targeting tumor endothelium, fibroblasts, and the extracellular matrix offers new therapeutic strategies.

Keywords:

Angiogenesis Growth factors Integrins Tumor associated fibroblast Tumor microenvironment

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Monitoring Functionality and Morphology of Vasculature Recruited by Factors Secreted by Fast-growing Tumor-generating Cells

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Published on: November 23, 2014

Area of Science:

Oncology
Cancer Biology
Tumor Microenvironment Research

Background:

The tumor microenvironment significantly influences cancer initiation and progression.
It comprises a complex interplay of various cell types and structural components.
Tumor-associated stromal cells actively contribute to cancer advancement.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the critical role of the tumor microenvironment in cancer.
To identify therapeutic targets within the tumor microenvironment.
To focus on endothelium, fibroblasts, and extracellular matrix as key targets.

Main Methods:

Literature review of existing research on tumor microenvironment.
Analysis of the crosstalk between different cell types within the tumor.
Identification of stromal elements and their contribution to malignancy.

Main Results:

The tumor microenvironment is a dynamic product of cellular crosstalk.
Stromal cells, including fibroblasts, play an active role in cancer progression.
Key components like endothelium, fibroblasts, and extracellular matrix are vital.

Conclusions:

Understanding the tumor microenvironment is essential for developing novel diagnostics and therapeutics.
Targeting specific components of the tumor microenvironment, such as endothelium and fibroblasts, holds therapeutic promise.
Further research into the extracellular matrix as a therapeutic target is warranted.