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State-level education standards for substance use prevention programs in schools: a systematic content analysis.

Tim A Bruckner¹, Thurston Domina², Jin Kyoung Hwang²

¹Public Health and Planning, Policy & Design, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California.

The Journal of Adolescent Health : Official Publication of the Society for Adolescent Medicine

|September 11, 2013

Summary

Most U.S. school drug prevention programs lack recommended content and delivery methods. State standards for alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) education vary widely and often fall short of evidence-based benchmarks.

Keywords:

Alcohol Illicit drugs School-based education State standards Tobacco

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Area of Science:

Public Health
Education Policy
Substance Abuse Prevention

Background:

Most U.S. public schools implement programs to prevent alcohol, tobacco, and other drug (ATOD) use.
State-level standards guide ATOD preventive education curricula.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically code and analyze ATOD instructional standards across all U.S. states and grade levels.
To identify variations and gaps in state-level ATOD education standards.

Main Methods:

Collected ATOD standards from all 50 states and D.C.
Three independent researchers classified standards based on content and pedagogy.
Achieved 98% inter-rater agreement for reliability.

Main Results:

Significant variation in ATOD standards across grade levels and states.
Elementary standards focus on social/affective skills; secondary focus on consequences.
Two-thirds of states lack standards in all "evidence-based" content areas.

Conclusions:

The current ATOD educational approach in most states is below recommended benchmarks for content and delivery.
This study provides a unique dataset to examine the link between state standards, classroom practices, and adolescent ATOD use.