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Respiration impacts phase difference-based field maps in echo planar imaging.

Mario Zeller1, Philip Kraus, Alexander Müller

  • 1University of Würzburg, University Clinic, Department of Radiology, Würzburg, Germany.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine
|September 11, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

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Respiration significantly impacts brain imaging field maps, increasing geometric distortion correction errors. Acquiring field maps during breath holds minimizes these errors, while free-breathing data can be improved with advanced processing.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroimaging
  • Medical Physics
  • Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Background:

  • Geometric distortion in echo planar imaging (EPI) necessitates accurate field maps for correction.
  • Respiration-induced motion can introduce artifacts into EPI data.
  • Phase Labeling for Additional Coordinate Encoding (PLACE) is a method for acquiring field maps.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effect of respiration on field maps used for geometric distortion correction in EPI.
  • To compare field map accuracy under breath-hold versus free-breathing conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Displacement maps were acquired using PLACE in seven healthy volunteers under both breath-hold and free-breathing conditions.
  • Data were analyzed using a 64x64 pixel image matrix.
Keywords:
echo planar imagingfield mapgeometric distortionphase labelingrespiration effects

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  • Field maps were compared against a reference map derived from a multiecho scan.

    • Main Results:

    • Field maps acquired during free breathing showed approximately three times higher standard deviations and absolute differences compared to breath-hold scans.
    • Mean deviation in free-breathing scans ranged from 3 pixels near the lungs to 1 pixel in superior slices.
    • Mean deviation in breath-hold scans ranged from 1 pixel to less than 0.5 pixels.

    Conclusions:

    • Free-breathing field maps can significantly corrupt geometric distortion correction in EPI.
    • Acquiring field maps during breath-hold is recommended to minimize respiratory artifacts.
    • Retrospective phase correction or averaging can improve field maps acquired during free breathing.