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Updated: May 7, 2026

Technique of Conjunctival Biopsy and Direct Immunofluorescence for Diagnosing Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid
Published on: June 17, 2025
Mucous membrane pemphigoid
Hong-Hui Xu1, Victoria P Werth, Ernesta Parisi
1Department of Dermatology, No.1 Hospital of China Medical University, 155 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang 110001, China; Department of Dermatology, Philadelphia VA Medical Center, 3900 Woodland Avenue, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
Abstract:
Mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) is chronic and frequently associated with exacerbations and remissions of clinical signs and symptoms. Clinicians should use pathologic and immunonologic techniques to help diagnose patients. Multidisciplinary collaboration is often necessary for the diagnosis and proper treatment of MMP. Systemic adjuvant immunosuppressive therapy is necessary for patients with progressive disease. In spite of the advances in available immunosuppressive medications and biologics, scarring is a significant complication in many cases. Surgical intervention is not curable; however, it may be necessary for restoring function and improving quality of life.
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