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Kawasaki disease: part II. Complications and treatment

Stephanie Bayers1, Stanford T Shulman, Amy S Paller

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois.

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
|September 17, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Kawasaki disease, a leading cause of childhood heart disease, requires prompt treatment to prevent coronary artery damage. Standard care involves IVIG and aspirin, with corticosteroids potentially benefiting high-risk children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Cardiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Kawasaki disease (KD), or mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome, is a primary cause of acquired heart disease in children.
  • Coronary artery lesions are a significant source of morbidity and mortality in KD patients.
  • Early treatment, within 10 days of symptom onset, is crucial for mitigating coronary artery complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the standard and emerging treatments for Kawasaki disease.
  • To highlight the importance of timely intervention in preventing cardiac sequelae.
  • To discuss adjunctive therapies for non-responsive KD cases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current medical literature and treatment guidelines for Kawasaki disease.
  • Analysis of the efficacy of standard therapies (IVIG, aspirin) and adjunctive treatments (corticosteroids).
  • Focus on the timing of treatment initiation and its impact on outcomes.

Main Results:

  • Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) plus aspirin is the current standard of care for KD.
  • Corticosteroids may offer additional benefits for high-risk KD patients.
  • Some patients exhibit resistance to IVIG, necessitating alternative therapeutic strategies.

Conclusions:

  • Prompt diagnosis and treatment of Kawasaki disease are essential for preventing long-term cardiac complications.
  • The standard treatment regimen should be initiated as early as possible.
  • Further research into optimal treatment protocols for non-responsive KD is warranted.

Keywords:
C-reactive proteinCRPIVIGKDKawasaki diseaseaspirincomplicationscoronary artery lesionscorticosteroidsintravenous immunoglobulinmucocutaneous lymph node syndromepediatrictreatmentvasculitis

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