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Related Concept Videos

Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER01:27

Post-translational Translocation of Proteins to the RER

A sizable fraction of proteins destined for ER are first synthesized in the cell cytosol and then transported across the ER membrane–a process called post-translational translocation. Similar to cotranslationally translocated proteins, these proteins also use the Sec translocon complex to enter the ER lumen.
Targeting proteins to the ER
Hsp40 and Hsp70 chaperone molecules bind the translated proteins in the cytosol to prevent their folding. The chaperone binding helps to keep the signal...
Cotranslational Protein Translocation01:20

Cotranslational Protein Translocation

Translocation of proteins across membranes is an ancient process that occurs even in bacteria and archaebacteria. In fact, the components of the translocation machinery are still conserved between prokaryotes and eukaryotes.
Sec61 channel partners for cotranslational translocation
During cotranslational translocation, the Sec61 channel partners with the signal recognition particle (SRP), the signal recognition particle receptor (SR), and the ribosomes to transport the nascent polypeptide chain...
Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways01:29

Amino Acid Biosynthetic Pathways

Amino acid biosynthesis is essential for cell growth, protein synthesis, and metabolic regulation. Cells generate essential and non-essential amino acids from metabolic intermediates to sustain vital biological functions. These intermediates originate from key metabolic pathways: glycolysis, the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, and the pentose phosphate pathway. Important precursors include α-ketoglutarate, pyruvate, oxaloacetate, phosphoenolpyruvate, and erythrose-4-phosphate, which provide...
Insertion of Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER01:26

Insertion of Single-pass Transmembrane Proteins in the RER

Integral membrane proteins are proteins adhered to the lipid bilayer of a cell organelle or membrane. They can be of two types: transmembrane integral proteins that span the lipid bilayer and monotopic proteins that are attached to either side of the membrane but do not pass through it.
Integral transmembrane proteins possess transmembrane and extra membrane domains. The transmembrane domains are primarily made of 20-25 hydrophobic amino acids arranged in a helical secondary confirmation. These...
Protein Transport to the Inner Chloroplast Membrane01:18

Protein Transport to the Inner Chloroplast Membrane

Proteins targeted to the inner chloroplast membrane, or plastid proteins, are transported by two general pathways: the stop-transfer and the re-insertion or post-import pathways. Most plastid proteins carry N-terminal transit sequences and internal import sequences targeting it to the specific chloroplast subcompartment. Proteins targeted by the stop-transfer pathway have internal hydrophobic sequences that inhibit their translocation into the stroma. As a result, these precursors are arrested...
Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion01:26

Bacterial Translocation and Protein Secretion

Bacterial protein secretion involves translocation systems to ensure proteins reach their designated locations, including the plasma membrane, periplasm, outer membrane, or the external environment. These translocation systems are vital for bacterial physiology, supporting processes like membrane assembly, enzymatic activity in the periplasm, and interactions with the external environment. The division of labor between Sec and Tat pathways ensures efficiency in handling proteins with diverse...

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Related Experiment Video

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A High-Yield Streptomyces Transcription-Translation Toolkit for Synthetic Biology and Natural Product Applications
07:59

A High-Yield Streptomyces Transcription-Translation Toolkit for Synthetic Biology and Natural Product Applications

Published on: September 10, 2021

Transimulation - protein biosynthesis web service.

Marlena Siwiak1, Piotr Zielenkiewicz

  • 1Department of Bioinformatics, Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland.

Plos One
|September 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Transimulation is a new web service that measures gene translation activity. It quantifies translation speed and protein output, aiding gene expression studies and heterologous protein production.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Computational Biology
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Gene expression's translation step is crucial but poorly understood at the individual gene level.
  • Understanding translation dynamics is key to optimizing protein production and gene function studies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a web service, Transimulation, for quantifying gene translational activity.
  • To provide insights into translation initiation, elongation, and ribosome dynamics across different organisms.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a computational model of translation combined with experimental data.
  • Developed Transimulation, a web service for calculating translation parameters and simulating ribosome movement.
  • Enabled interactive modification of coding sequences and simulation of heterologous gene expression.

Main Results:

  • Transimulation quantifies mean translation initiation and elongation times, protein output per transcript, and ribosome occupancy.
  • The service simulates ribosome propagation along transcripts, allowing on-the-fly coding sequence modification.
  • Evaluated evolutionary conservation of translational parameters for orthologous genes.

Conclusions:

  • Transimulation offers a valuable tool for studying gene translation dynamics in model organisms.
  • The service facilitates research in gene expression, protein production, and evolutionary biology.
  • Transimulation supports heterologous expression studies by simulating translation in different host organisms.