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The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Transoral Endoscopic Thyroidectomy Vestibular Approach for Thyroid Lobectomy

Published on: May 12, 2023

Ectopic lingual thyroid with vascular anomalies.

Maria Rita Bianco¹, Alessandro La Boria, Teresa Franco

¹Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.

International Medical Case Reports Journal

|September 18, 2013

Summary

Lingual thyroid, a form of ectopic thyroid tissue, can become symptomatic. Pre-surgical arteriography is crucial for identifying vascular anomalies in ectopic thyroid cases to ensure safe surgical planning.

Keywords:

arteriography ectopic thyroid tongue transoral approach

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Area of Science:

Endocrinology
Head and Neck Surgery
Radiology

Background:

Lingual thyroid, a common form of ectopic thyroid tissue, is often asymptomatic but can cause symptoms due to thyroid-stimulating hormone fluctuations.
Symptomatic ectopic thyroid management includes hormone suppression or surgical intervention.

Observation:

A 17-year-old female presented with a throat lump, diagnosed as a lingual thyroid via ENT examination and thyroid scintigraphy.
Initial hormone-suppressing therapy was ineffective, necessitating surgical treatment.

Findings:

Pre-operative arteriography revealed significant vascular anomalies associated with the lingual thyroid.
These vascular anomalies were critical for successful surgical planning.

Implications:

Accurate radiological assessment of vasculature is essential for planning surgical treatment of ectopic thyroid.
Identifying vascular anomalies pre-operatively can prevent intraoperative complications and improve patient outcomes.