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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
Biological Effects of Radiation02:59

Biological Effects of Radiation

All radioactive nuclides emit high-energy particles or electromagnetic waves. When this radiation encounters living cells, it can cause heating, break chemical bonds, or ionize molecules. The most serious biological damage results when these radioactive emissions fragment or ionize molecules. For example, α and β particles emitted from nuclear decay reactions possess much higher energies than ordinary chemical bond energies. When these particles strike and penetrate matter, they produce ions...

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Glaucoma-inducing Procedure in an In Vivo Rat Model and Whole-mount Retina Preparation
08:30

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Published on: March 12, 2016

Glaucoma in atomic bomb survivors.

Yoshiaki Kiuchi1, Tomoko Yokoyama, Michiya Takamatsu

  • 1a Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan.

Radiation Research
|September 25, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study found a potential link between atomic bomb radiation exposure and an increased prevalence of normal-tension glaucoma in survivors. Further research is needed to confirm these findings due to study limitations.

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Area of Science:

  • Radiation epidemiology
  • Ophthalmology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Radiation exposure is linked to noncancerous diseases.
  • The effect of low-dose radiation on glaucoma prevalence is largely unknown.
  • Atomic bomb survivors provide a unique cohort for studying radiation effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the prevalence of glaucoma in atomic bomb survivors.
  • To examine the dose-response relationship between radiation exposure and glaucoma.
  • To determine if radiation exposure increases the risk of developing specific types of glaucoma.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional screening study of 1,589 atomic bomb survivors with reconstructed radiation doses.
  • Ophthalmological examinations including interviews, optic disc assessment, and perimetry.
  • Binary regression analysis adjusted for potential confounding factors like age and gender.

Main Results:

  • Overall glaucoma prevalence was 17.9% (284/1,589).
  • Normal-tension glaucoma (NTG) showed a significant association with radiation dose (OR=1.31 per Gy, P=0.001).
  • No significant association was found for primary open-angle or primary angle-closure glaucoma with radiation dose.

Conclusions:

  • A-bomb radiation exposure may be associated with an increased prevalence of normal-tension glaucoma.
  • The findings suggest a potential radiation-induced risk for NTG.
  • High nonparticipation rates necessitate caution and further validation of results.