Dermatophytosis in zoo macropods: a questionnaire study.

Area of Science:

• Veterinary Dermatology
• Zoological Medicine
• Mycology

Background:

• Limited data exist on dermatophytosis (fungal skin infections) in zoo-housed macropods.
• Anecdotal reports suggest disease occurrence and recurrent outbreaks in macropod social groups (mobs).

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess dermatophytosis prevalence in zoo macropods.
• To identify affected species, causative fungi, predisposing factors, clinical signs, diagnostics, treatments, and management strategies.

Main Methods:

• A questionnaire-based study distributed to zoo veterinarians in Australia and internationally.
• An estimated response rate of 23% was achieved for the initial detailed and subsequent brief questionnaires.

Main Results:

• An overall estimated disease prevalence of 28% was reported.
• 73% of Australian zoos and 14% of non-Australian zoos reported cases.
• Trichophyton verrucosum and T. mentagrophytes var. nodulare were identified; young red kangaroos (Macropus rufus) showed predisposition.
• Diagnosis relied on fungal culture or clinical signs (alopecia, crusting, scaling on limbs, tail, pinnae).
• Resolution occurred spontaneously or after 1-2 months of treatment.

Conclusions:

• Dermatophytosis is a notable concern in zoo macropod populations, particularly in Australia.
• Young red kangaroos are identified as a susceptible demographic.
• Effective diagnostic and treatment strategies, including monitoring for resolution, are crucial for managing this fungal disease.