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Related Concept Videos

Gastrulation01:56

Gastrulation

Gastrulation establishes the three primary tissues of an embryo: the ectoderm, mesoderm, and endoderm. This developmental process relies on a series of intricate cellular movements, which in humans transforms a flat, “bilaminar disc” composed of two cell sheets into a three-tiered structure. In the resulting embryo, the endoderm serves as the bottom layer, and stacked directly above it is the intermediate mesoderm, and then the uppermost ectoderm. Respectively, these tissue strata will form...
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During early development, the embryo forms two types of connective tissues— the mesenchyme and mucoid connective tissue.
The mesenchyme is the first connective tissue that emerges in the developing embryo. It consists of loosely arranged multipotent mesenchymal cells and reticular fibers in the extracellular matrix. This loose arrangement allows easy migration of cells, which is essential for germ layer positioning, patterning, and organ morphogenesis during embryonic development. Mesenchyme is...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Tracking Morphogenetic Tissue Deformations in the Early Chick Embryo
08:19

Tracking Morphogenetic Tissue Deformations in the Early Chick Embryo

Published on: October 17, 2011

Glassy dynamics in three-dimensional embryonic tissues.

Eva-Maria Schötz1, Marcos Lanio, Jared A Talbot

  • 1170 Carl Icahn Laboratory, Lewis-Sigler Institute, Princeton University, , Princeton, NJ 08544, USA.

Journal of the Royal Society, Interface
|September 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Biological tissues exhibit viscoelastic properties, acting as solids and fluids. This study models zebrafish embryo tissue mechanics, revealing fluid-like cell dynamics near a glass transition for better pattern formation understanding.

Keywords:
active matterembryonic developmentglassy dynamicssupercooled fluidtissue modellingtissue viscoelasticity

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Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Tracking Morphogenetic Tissue Deformations in the Early Chick Embryo
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Published on: September 28, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Developmental Biology
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Biological tissues exhibit viscoelasticity, crucial for pattern formation and tissue layering.
  • Understanding tissue mechanics at the cellular level is key to deciphering collective behaviors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanical properties of three-dimensional (3D) zebrafish embryo tissue explants.
  • To develop and validate a mechanical model for tissue dynamics based on cell behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of individual cell tracks within 3D tissue explants.
  • Measurement of macroscopic mechanical response.
  • Development of a minimal three-parameter mechanical model calibrated with cell track data.

Main Results:

  • Cell dynamics within the tissue show characteristics of supercooled fluids, including subdiffusive trajectories and caging.
  • The developed mechanical model accurately predicts the macroscopic bulk response of the tissue.
  • Tissue mechanics are fluid-like but near a glass transition point.

Conclusions:

  • The model provides a robust framework for quantifying and modeling mechanically driven pattern formation in tissues.
  • Proximity to a glass transition suggests sensitivity of tissue viscoelasticity to single-cell parameter changes.
  • This work offers insights into how collective cell mechanics influence tissue development.