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Related Concept Videos

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Introduction to the Integumentary System01:25

Introduction to the Integumentary System

The integumentary system is the organ system that comprises the skin and its associated structures. It is the largest system in the human body and plays a crucial role in protecting and maintaining homeostasis. The integumentary system serves several functions including protection, regulation, sensation, and secretion.
The skin, which is the primary organ of the integumentary system, consists of three main layers: the epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis (subcutaneous tissue). The epidermis is the...
Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sweat Glands01:20

Accessory Structures of the Skin: Sweat Glands

Sweat glands or sudoriferous glands are one of the important accessory structures of the skin. They are small, coiled tubular structures located in the dermis, the middle layer of the skin. Sweat glands are responsible for producing and secreting sweat, a watery fluid that helps regulate body temperature and excrete waste products.
Sweat glands are classified as merocrine glands; that is, the secretions are excreted by exocytosis through a duct without affecting the cells of the gland. There...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Generation of Self-assembled Vascularized Human Skin Equivalents
09:04

Generation of Self-assembled Vascularized Human Skin Equivalents

Published on: February 12, 2021

Human skin in the game.

Rachael A Clark1

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.

Science Translational Medicine
|September 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New research on atopic dermatitis and psoriasis uncovers novel insights into antiviral immunity and inflammatory processes. These findings advance our understanding of skin immune responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Dermatology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Atopic dermatitis and psoriasis are chronic inflammatory skin conditions with complex immune dysregulation.
  • Understanding the interplay between skin immunity and viral infections is crucial for managing these diseases.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate novel mechanisms of antiviral immunity in the context of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.
  • To identify new inflammatory pathways relevant to these skin diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical observations of patients with atopic dermatitis and psoriasis.
  • Experimental investigations into immune responses.

Main Results:

  • Identification of previously unrecognized mechanisms governing antiviral immunity in skin inflammation.
  • Characterization of novel inflammatory mediators and pathways.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals new insights into the immune system's response to viruses in inflammatory skin conditions.
  • Findings contribute to a deeper understanding of atopic dermatitis and psoriasis pathogenesis, potentially informing future therapeutic strategies.