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Metoclopramide: a dopamine receptor antagonist.
1Hahnemann University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
American Family Physician
|March 1, 1990
Summary
Metoclopramide, a dopamine antagonist, enhances gastrointestinal motility and is effective for treating conditions like diabetic gastroparesis and chemotherapy-induced nausea. Its use is generally limited to short-term therapy due to potential side effects.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacology
- Gastroenterology
Background:
- Metoclopramide is a dopamine receptor antagonist with prokinetic properties.
- It influences gastrointestinal motility, including lower esophageal sphincter pressure and gastric emptying.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the therapeutic applications of metoclopramide.
- To highlight its efficacy in various gastrointestinal and chemotherapy-related conditions.
- To outline recommended usage durations and potential adverse effects.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of metoclopramide's pharmacological actions and clinical uses.
- Analysis of its efficacy in treating diabetic gastroparesis, gastroesophageal reflux, and chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting.
- Examination of safety profiles and recommended treatment durations.
Main Results:
- Metoclopramide effectively increases lower esophageal sphincter pressure and gastric emptying.
- It serves as a valuable antiemetic, particularly in cancer chemotherapy.
- Short-term use (oral: 4-12 weeks; parenteral: 1-2 days) is recommended.
Conclusions:
- Metoclopramide is a potent agent for managing specific gastrointestinal motility disorders and associated symptoms.
- Its antiemetic properties are significant, especially in oncology.
- Careful adherence to recommended duration limits is crucial to minimize adverse events like extrapyramidal symptoms.