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Related Concept Videos

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing01:28

CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing

The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short...
CRISPR and crRNAs02:53

CRISPR and crRNAs

Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
The CRISPR-Cas system stores a copy of foreign DNA in the host genome and uses it to identify the foreign DNA upon reinfection. CRISPR-Cas has three different...
Homologous Recombination02:31

Homologous Recombination

The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
Synthetic Biology02:55

Synthetic Biology

Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
Golden rice
Golden rice is a genetically modified...
Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation02:53

Conservative Site-specific Recombination and Phase Variation

Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
The recognition sites for Cre recombinase called LoxP...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

A New Toolkit for Evaluating Gene Functions using Conditional Cas9 Stabilization
08:20

A New Toolkit for Evaluating Gene Functions using Conditional Cas9 Stabilization

Published on: September 2, 2021

Cas9 as a versatile tool for engineering biology.

Prashant Mali1, Kevin M Esvelt, George M Church

  • 1Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.

Nature Methods
|October 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing tools offer precise control over cellular functions. These Cas9 nucleases, guided by RNA, enable advanced genome editing with broad applications in science and medicine.

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Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells
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Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells

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A New Toolkit for Evaluating Gene Functions using Conditional Cas9 Stabilization
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Using CRISPR/Cas9 Gene Editing to Investigate the Oncogenic Activity of Mutant Calreticulin in Cytokine Dependent Hematopoietic Cells
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11:35

Selection-dependent and Independent Generation of CRISPR/Cas9-mediated Gene Knockouts in Mammalian Cells

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)-Cas systems provide RNA-guided nucleases.
  • Cas9 is a key component enabling precise genome editing across organisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the Cas9 targeting methodology.
  • To detail engineering advances for Cas9 systems.
  • To suggest potential applications of Cas9 technology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing RNA-guided Cas9 nucleases for genome targeting.
  • Developing and refining Cas9 engineering for enhanced functionality.
  • Exploring diverse applications from basic research to clinical settings.

Main Results:

  • Cas9 acts as a unifying factor for RNA, DNA, and protein colocalization.
  • Demonstrated transformative potential in editing genomes of various organisms.
  • Identified a wide spectrum of prospective applications.

Conclusions:

  • Cas9-based tools offer unprecedented control over cellular processes.
  • The technology holds significant promise for basic science and clinical translation.
  • Further engineering advances will expand the utility of Cas9 systems.