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Related Concept Videos

Skin Diseases and Disorders01:23

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...
Antifungal Agents01:15

Antifungal Agents

Amphotericin B is a broad-spectrum antifungal agent that exploits structural differences between fungal and mammalian cell membranes. Its amphipathic structure—featuring a hydrophobic polyene-lactone ring and a hydrophilic region containing mycosamine and carboxylic acid groups—enables selective binding to ergosterol, a sterol predominantly found in fungal plasma membranes. This selective interaction underlies the drug’s antifungal activity, although weak binding to cholesterol contributes to...
Fungal Group Zygomycota01:29

Fungal Group Zygomycota

Zygomycota, previously classified as a distinct fungal group, are primarily terrestrial, saprophytic molds that play a crucial role as decomposers. Recent phylogenetic studies have revealed that these fungi are now divided into two major clades — Mucoromycota, which includes many symbiotic species, and Zoopagomycota, which primarily consists of parasitic and pathogenic fungi. These groups exhibit distinct ecological roles and reproductive strategies while sharing key structural and...
Fungal Phylum Microsporidia01:28

Fungal Phylum Microsporidia

Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...

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Updated: May 7, 2026

Curcuminoid-Mediated Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy on a Murine Model of Oral Candidiasis
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Curcuminoid-Mediated Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy on a Murine Model of Oral Candidiasis

Published on: October 27, 2023

Diagnosing onychomycosis.

Aditya K Gupta1, Fiona C Simpson

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Toronto School of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Mediprobe Research, Inc., London, Ontario, Canada.

Clinics in Dermatology
|October 2, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Diagnosing onychomycosis, a fungal nail infection, often requires mycological diagnostic testing to confirm viability, penetrance, and species. A minimum of two positive tests is the gold standard for accurate diagnosis.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical Mycology
  • Diagnostic Microbiology

Background:

  • Onychomycosis diagnosis can be challenging, often necessitating laboratory confirmation beyond clinical presentation.
  • Accurate diagnosis requires assessing fungal viability, infection penetrance, and species identification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the diagnostic utility of various mycological tests for onychomycosis.
  • To establish the gold standard for confirming the presence of fungal nail infections.

Main Methods:

  • Review of common diagnostic methods including mycological culture, direct microscopic examination, histopathology, and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based tests.
  • Evaluation of individual test strengths in meeting diagnostic criteria.

Main Results:

  • Each diagnostic test possesses unique strengths for evaluating fungal infection characteristics.
  • A minimum of two positive diagnostic tests is identified as the gold standard.

Conclusions:

  • Mycological diagnostic testing is crucial for verifying onychomycosis.
  • Combining results from at least two distinct diagnostic methods ensures comprehensive confirmation.