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01:24Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease III: Chronic Bronchitis Features
Chronic bronchitis is a key phenotype of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), characterized by airway-centered inflammation and mucus overproduction. It develops from long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases, most commonly cigarette smoke, which triggers a persistent inflammatory response.Cellular and Structural ChangesInflammation initially affects the large bronchi and later the smaller airways, with infiltration by immune cells, including neutrophils, macrophages, and...
01:23Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease I: Introduction
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common, preventable, and treatable respiratory disorder characterized by persistent symptoms and progressive airflow limitation. This limitation results from a combination of small-airway disease (obstructive bronchiolitis) and parenchymal destruction (emphysema), both driven by chronic inflammation from exposure to harmful particles or gases.The disease includes two main pathological entities: emphysema, marked by destruction of alveolar walls and...
01:20Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-I: Introduction
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a long-lasting respiratory condition requiring continuous attention and care. It is a progressive lung disease that leads to breathing challenges due to airflow obstruction. It manifests as persistent respiratory symptoms and restricted airflow resulting from abnormalities in the airways and alveoli, usually due to long-term exposure to harmful particles or gases. COPD mainly consists of two primary conditions: emphysema and chronic bronchitis.
01:24Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
COPD is defined as a heterogeneous lung condition marked by persistent respiratory symptoms such as dyspnea, cough, and sputum production, caused by abnormalities in the airways that cause airflow obstruction.
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
Smoking is a primary risk factor for COPD, with over 80% of patients having a history of it. Patients typically experience progressive dyspnea or labored breathing, frequent coughing, and recurrent pulmonary infections. Many eventually succumb to respiratory failure, characterized by...
01:19Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease IV: Clinical Manifestations
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, or COPD, is a long-term condition marked by persistent and only partially reversible airflow limitation. It involves two overlapping conditions—chronic bronchitis and emphysema—which often co-appear but differ in dominant symptoms and underlying mechanisms.Chronic Bronchitis FeaturesChronic bronchitis presents with a persistent productive cough and thick, sometimes purulent mucus due to airway inflammation, enlarged mucus glands, and goblet cell...
01:29Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease-V: Management
Managing Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) involves a multifaceted approach to reduce symptoms, prevent exacerbations, improve overall health status, and slow disease progression. Key strategies include lifestyle modifications, pharmacotherapy, supportive therapies, and, in some cases, surgery. Here is an overview of the primary COPD management strategies:
Smoking Cessation
Smoking Cessation
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05:43
Establishment of a Mouse Model with Cough Hypersensitivity via Inhalation of Citric Acid
Published on: January 10, 2025
Chronic cough: an update.
1Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN.
Mayo Clinic Proceedings
|October 2, 2013
Summary
Chronic cough, lasting over 8 weeks, significantly impacts quality of life. Identifying and treating underlying causes like upper airway cough syndrome or asthma resolves most cases, though hypersensitive cough reflex is considered for refractory instances.
Keywords:
ACECRSCTGERDLPRNAEBNONOSPNDPPITLESRUACSangiotensin-converting enzymechronic rhinosinusitiscomputed tomographygastroesophageal reflux diseaseiNOSinducible nitric oxide synthaselaryngopharyngeal refluxnitric oxidenitric oxide synthasenonasthmatic eosinophilic bronchitispostnasal dripproton pump inhibitortransient lower esophageal sphincter relaxationupper airway cough syndrome
Area of Science:
- Pulmonology
- Gastroenterology
- Allergy Immunology
Background:
- Chronic cough (cough lasting >8 weeks) is a common outpatient complaint.
- Protracted cough negatively impacts quality of life, causing anxiety and social issues.
- Common causes include upper airway cough syndrome, asthma, eosinophilic bronchitis, and GERD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the anatomy and physiology of the cough reflex.
- To outline common etiologies of chronic cough.
- To present clinical algorithms for evaluating chronic cough.
Main Methods:
- Review of existing literature on cough reflex and chronic cough etiologies.
- Exclusion of common causes like smoking, ACE inhibitors, and chronic bronchitis.
- Presentation of diagnostic algorithms for chronic cough evaluation.
Main Results:
- Most chronic cough cases are attributable to specific underlying conditions.
- Multiple contributing factors can coexist in patients with chronic cough.
- Refractory cough may involve a hypersensitive cough reflex response.
Conclusions:
- Effective management of chronic cough relies on accurate diagnosis of underlying causes.
- Clinical algorithms aid in systematic evaluation and treatment.
- Hypersensitive cough reflex is a potential mechanism for unexplained chronic cough.