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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Transcription01:53

Bacterial Transcription

RNA polymerase (RNAP) carries out DNA-dependent RNA synthesis in both bacteria and eukaryotes. Bacteria do not have a membrane-bound nucleus. So, transcription and translation occur simultaneously, on the same DNA template.
Transcription can be divided into three main stages, each involving distinct DNA sequences to guide the polymerase. These are:
Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes02:42

Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes

Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure.  Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA into a...
Transcription Elongation Factors02:35

Transcription Elongation Factors

Transcription elongation is a dynamic process that alters depending upon the sequence heterogeneity of the DNA being transcribed. Hence, it is not surprising that the elongation complex's composition also varies along the way while transcribing a gene.
The transcription elongation is regulated via pausing of RNA polymerase on several occasions during transcription. In bacteria, these halts are necessary because the transcription of DNA into mRNA is coupled to the translation of that mRNA into a...
Transcription01:17

Transcription

Transcription is the synthesis of RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in correctly synthesizing messenger RNA (mRNA). Transcriptional regulation is responsible for the differentiation of different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds of RNA Molecules
In eukaryotes,...
Transcription01:10

Transcription

Overview
Transcription is the process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA sequence by RNA polymerase. It is the first step in producing a protein from a gene sequence. Additionally, many other proteins and regulatory sequences are involved in the proper synthesis of messenger RNA (mRNA). Regulation of transcription is responsible for the differentiation of all the different types of cells and often for the proper cellular response to environmental signals.
Transcription Can Produce Different Kinds...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on (TRO) Approach
12:12

Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on (TRO) Approach

Published on: March 12, 2017

Runaway transcription.

Jiannan Guo, Tiandao Li, David H Price

    Genome Biology
    |October 2, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    A new study shows that reducing 7SK small nuclear RNA (snRNA) disrupts RNA polymerase II termination. This finding suggests a novel mechanism that separates RNA processing from transcription.

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    Live-Cell Imaging of Transcriptional Activity at DNA Double-Strand Breaks
    09:07

    Live-Cell Imaging of Transcriptional Activity at DNA Double-Strand Breaks

    Published on: September 20, 2021

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: May 7, 2026

    Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on (TRO) Approach
    12:12

    Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on (TRO) Approach

    Published on: March 12, 2017

    Live-Cell Imaging of Transcriptional Activity at DNA Double-Strand Breaks
    09:07

    Live-Cell Imaging of Transcriptional Activity at DNA Double-Strand Breaks

    Published on: September 20, 2021

    Area of Science:

    • Molecular Biology
    • Gene Regulation
    • RNA Biology

    Background:

    • RNA polymerase II (Pol II) is crucial for gene transcription.
    • Proper termination of Pol II transcription is essential for accurate gene expression.
    • The 7SK small nuclear RNA (snRNA) is known to regulate Pol II transcription, but its role in termination is less understood.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the role of 7SK snRNA in RNA polymerase II termination.
    • To explore the potential mechanism by which 7SK snRNA influences transcription termination.
    • To determine if 7SK snRNA knockdown uncouples RNA processing from transcription.

    Main Methods:

    • Knockdown of 7SK snRNA using established molecular biology techniques.
    • Analysis of RNA polymerase II transcription termination sites using sequencing-based methods.
    • Assessment of RNA processing events in conjunction with transcription termination.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated a significant defect in RNA polymerase II termination upon 7SK snRNA knockdown.
    • Identified a novel mechanism linking 7SK snRNA to the termination process.
    • Provided evidence suggesting that RNA processing may be uncoupled from transcription due to altered termination.

    Conclusions:

    • 7SK snRNA plays a critical role in regulating RNA polymerase II transcription termination.
    • The findings reveal a new mechanism that can decouple RNA processing from transcription.
    • This discovery has implications for understanding gene expression regulation and potential therapeutic targets.