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Cell separation was first achieved in 1964 by S. H. Seal, who separated large tumor cells from the smaller blood cells using filtration. Two years later, Pohl and Hawk performed experiments on how cells respond differently to a nonuniform electric field based on the cell type. Such observations were the inception of cell separation methods, which allow isolating a single cell type from a heterogeneous sample.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Title Cell Encapsulation by Droplets

Title Cell Encapsulation by Droplets

Published on: October 1, 2007

Raman activated cell ejection for isolation of single cells.

Yun Wang¹, Yuetong Ji, Emma S Wharfe

¹Single-cell Center, CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, and Shandong Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Qingdao Institute of BioEnergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Qingdao, Shandong, 266101, P. R. China.

Analytical Chemistry

|October 3, 2013

Summary

We optimized Raman microscopy for rapid single-cell Raman spectra (SCRS) acquisition. This technique enables accurate identification and isolation of specific cells from complex samples, advancing microbial analysis.

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Cell Capture Using a Microfluidic Device

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Published on: October 1, 2007

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Last Updated: May 7, 2026

Title Cell Encapsulation by Droplets

Title Cell Encapsulation by Droplets

Published on: October 1, 2007

An Integrated Raman Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry Platform to Study Single-Cell Drug Uptake, Metabolism, and Effects

An Integrated Raman Spectroscopy and Mass Spectrometry Platform to Study Single-Cell Drug Uptake, Metabolism, and Effects

Published on: January 9, 2020

Cell Capture Using a Microfluidic Device

Cell Capture Using a Microfluidic Device

Published on: October 1, 2007

Area of Science:

Biophotonics
Microbiology
Spectroscopy

Background:

Single-cell analysis is crucial for understanding microbial communities.
Traditional methods for isolating specific cells are often time-consuming and labor-intensive.
Raman spectroscopy offers label-free chemical information about cells.

Purpose of the Study:

To optimize Raman microscopy for rapid single-cell Raman spectrum (SCRS) acquisition.
To develop a method for identifying and isolating specific single cells from complex mixtures.
To demonstrate the utility of SCRS and Raman-activated cell ejection (RACE) in microbial analysis.

Main Methods:

Optimized Raman microscope for 0.1 s acquisition time to obtain SCRS.
Utilized stable isotope labeling ((13)C and (15)N) for cell differentiation.
Developed Raman activated cell ejection (RACE) assisted by laser-induced forward transfer (LIFT).

Main Results:

Achieved sufficient discriminatory ability and spectral reproducibility with rapid SCRS.
Successfully differentiated cells labeled with stable isotopes.
Classified five different types of oral bacteria using SCRS.
Demonstrated accurate isolation of identified single cells from complex microbial communities using RACE-LIFT.

Conclusions:

Rapid SCRS is a powerful tool for single-cell analysis and microbial classification.
RACE-LIFT enables targeted isolation of specific cells based on their unique spectral fingerprints.
This integrated approach has broad applications in sorting cells with desired traits from diverse biological samples.