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Related Concept Videos

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology01:25

Secondary Spinal Cord Injury llI: Pathophysiology

Early Ischemia and Ionic ImbalanceWithin minutes of spinal cord injury, a secondary cascade begins, progressing over hours to weeks. Vascular damage reduces blood flow, causing ischemia and mitochondrial dysfunction. ATP depletion leads to ion pump failure, membrane depolarization, sodium influx, potassium efflux, and water accumulation, resulting in cellular swelling. Increased intracellular calcium further disrupts mitochondria and accelerates cellular injury.Excitotoxicity and Neuronal...
Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology01:14

Spinal Cord Injury ll: Pathophysiology

Spinal cord injury progresses through two interconnected phases: primary injury and secondary injury.Primary InjuryPrimary injury happens at the moment of trauma and involves immediate mechanical damage to the spinal cord.Compression happens when broken vertebrae, herniated discs, or accumulating blood (such as a hematoma) press directly against the spinal cord, distorting its normal shape and function. In cases of contusion, the cord is bruised by a blunt force (like penetrating injuries or...
Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction01:28

Traumatic Brain Injury l: Introduction

DefinitionTraumatic brain injury, or TBI, is a disturbance of normal brain function induced by an external mechanical force, such as a direct blow to the head or a penetrating injury. It can affect both brain structure and function, producing a wide range of clinical outcomes. TBI is a heterogeneous condition, meaning its effects may differ based on the type, location, and severity of the injury.Basis of ClassificationTBI is classified based on severity, injury mechanism, or pathophysiology. In...
Spinal Cord01:26

Spinal Cord

The spinal cord, a critical component of the central nervous system, extends from the base of the brainstem to the lumbar region of the vertebral column. It is essential for maintaining physical stability and facilitating communication between the brain and peripheral parts of the body.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

Activity-based Training on a Treadmill with Spinal Cord Injured Wistar Rats
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Published on: January 16, 2019

Urodynamic patterns after traumatic spinal cord injury.

Mahima Agrawal, Mrinal Joshi

    The Journal of Spinal Cord Medicine
    |October 5, 2013
    PubMed
    Summary

    Neurological level of spinal cord injury (SCI) does not perfectly predict bladder function. Urodynamic studies are essential for accurate bladder management in SCI patients, complementing clinical and neurological evaluations.

    Keywords:
    BladderBladder managementDetrusorDyssynergiaNeurogenicSpinal cord injuriesUrodynamic study

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroscience
    • Urology
    • Rehabilitation Medicine

    Background:

    • Spinal cord injury (SCI) frequently leads to significant bladder dysfunction.
    • Accurate assessment of bladder function is crucial for effective management and preventing complications.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the relationship between the neurological level of spinal cord injury and bladder function.
    • To evaluate the utility of urodynamic studies in assessing bladder function in SCI patients.

    Main Methods:

    • An analytical study was conducted on seventy individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).
    • Participants underwent detailed clinical and neurological evaluations, radiological assessments, and urodynamic studies.
    • Bladder function was assessed using the American Spinal Injury Association Classification and urodynamic parameters.

    Main Results:

    • In suprasacral injuries, hyperreflexia was common (81.5%), with a significant proportion showing low bladder compliance (59.4%) and high detrusor leak point pressures (72.3%).
    • Sacral injuries predominantly resulted in detrusor areflexia (80%) and high detrusor leak point pressures (100%).
    • Correlation between neurological findings and urodynamic results was not exact.

    Conclusions:

    • Clinical and neurological evaluations alone are insufficient for precise bladder function assessment in SCI.
    • Urodynamic studies are indispensable for comprehensive bladder management in individuals with spinal cord injury.
    • Integrating urodynamic findings with clinical data ensures optimal patient care.