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Related Concept Videos

The Cochlea01:13

The Cochlea

41.1K
The cochlea is a coiled structure in the inner ear that contains hair cells—the sensory receptors of the auditory system. Sound waves are transmitted to the cochlea by small bones attached to the eardrum called the ossicles, which vibrate the oval window that leads to the inner ear. This causes fluid in the chambers of the cochlea to move, vibrating the basilar membrane.
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Anatomy of the Ear01:16

Anatomy of the Ear

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Auditory sensation, commonly called hearing, involves the transformation of sonic waves into neural impulses facilitated by the structures of the auditory organ. The prominent, flesh-like structure on the side of the head, called the auricle, directs sound waves towards the auditory canal. The auricle is often mislabeled as the pinna, a term more aligned with mobile structures like a feline's external ear. The auditory canal penetrates the cranium via the external auditory meatus of the...
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Hair Cells01:22

Hair Cells

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Hair cells are the sensory receptors of the auditory system—they transduce mechanical sound waves into electrical energy that the nervous system can understand. Hair cells are located in the organ of Corti within the cochlea of the inner ear, between the basilar and tectorial membranes. The actual sensory receptors are called inner hair cells. The outer hair cells serve other functions, such as sound amplification in the cochlea, and are not discussed in detail here.
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Auditory Pathway01:15

Auditory Pathway

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Auditory pathways constitute the complex neural circuits responsible for transmitting and interpreting auditory information from the peripheral auditory system to the brain. Sound waves are initially captured by the outer ear, funneled through the ear canal, and reach the tympanic membrane (eardrum). These vibrations are transmitted via the middle ear's ossicles to the inner ear's cochlea.
When viewed cross-sectionally, the cochlea reveals the scala vestibuli and scala tympani flanking...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 7, 2026

The Mouse Round-window Approach for Ototoxic Agent Delivery: A Rapid and Reliable Technique for Inducing Cochlear Cell Degeneration
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The Mouse Round-window Approach for Ototoxic Agent Delivery: A Rapid and Reliable Technique for Inducing Cochlear Cell Degeneration

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Round window closure affects cochlear responses to suprathreshold stimuli.

Qunfeng Cai1, Carolyn Whitcomb, Jessica Eggleston

  • 1Center for Hearing and Deafness, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York.

The Laryngoscope
|October 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary

Round window closure in rats caused mild hearing threshold shifts and altered auditory responses. These findings may help diagnose round window atresia, a condition affecting cochlear function and hearing.

Keywords:
Round windowacoustic startle reflexatresiadistortion product otoacoustic emissionrats

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Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Animal Models

Background:

  • The round window is crucial for inner ear pressure regulation and basilar membrane vibration.
  • Loss of round window function impairs cochlear function, leading to hearing loss.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate cochlear responses to suprathreshold stimuli after round window closure.
  • To identify potential functional changes for diagnosing round window atresia.

Main Methods:

  • A rat model of round window occlusion (RWO) was utilized.
  • Auditory brainstem responses (ABR) thresholds and input/output (IO) functions of distortion product otoacoustic emissions (DPOAEs) and acoustic startle responses were measured.

Main Results:

  • Round window closure resulted in a mild increase in ABR thresholds.
  • Distortion product otoacoustic emissions amplitudes and their IO function slopes decreased.
  • Acoustic startle reflex amplitude significantly reduced, while its threshold remained unchanged.

Conclusions:

  • Round window occlusion alters ABR thresholds and reduces the slopes of DPOAE and acoustic startle reflex IO functions.
  • These distinct changes may serve as indicators for round window atresia.
  • Clinical studies are necessary to validate these findings in human patients.