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The succinated proteome.

Eric D Merkley1, Thomas O Metz, Richard D Smith

  • 1Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington.

Mass Spectrometry Reviews
|October 12, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Succination, a protein modification by fumarate, increases with mitochondrial stress in obesity and diabetes. S-(2-succino)cysteine (2SC) serves as a biomarker for chronic diseases and cellular apoptosis.

Keywords:
chemical modification of proteinscysteinediabetesfumaratesuccination

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Cellular Biology
  • Proteomics

Background:

  • Post-translational modifications (PTMs) like succination alter protein function in response to cellular redox changes.
  • Succination involves fumarate modification of cysteine residues, forming S-(2-succino)cysteine (2SC).
  • Increased succination correlates with mitochondrial, ER, and oxidative stress in conditions like diabetes and obesity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the history and current understanding of the succinated proteome.
  • To discuss the challenges in measuring succination using proteomics.
  • To highlight succination's role as a biomarker and mechanistic link in chronic diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on protein succination.
  • Analysis of proteomic data identifying succinated proteins.
  • Correlation of succination levels with cellular stress markers and disease states.

Main Results:

  • Succination targets a diverse range of proteins, including enzymes and chaperones.
  • Protein succination is elevated in adipose tissue during obesity/diabetes and in specific mouse models.
  • Succination is linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, ER stress, and apoptosis, with potential overlap with glutathionylation.

Conclusions:

  • S-(2-succino)cysteine (2SC) is a potential biomarker for mitochondrial stress in chronic diseases like diabetes, obesity, and cancer.
  • Succination may represent a key mechanism connecting mitochondrial dysfunction to cellular stress and apoptosis.
  • Further research is needed to refine proteomics approaches for studying succination.