Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Cognitive Development During Adulthood01:30

Cognitive Development During Adulthood

1.4K
Cognitive development continues throughout adulthood, undergoing significant shifts across early, middle, and late stages. Individual transition occurs from adolescent idealism to pragmatic and adaptable thinking in early adulthood. During this period, individuals learn to integrate personal beliefs with the recognition that other perspectives are equally valid. Exposure to the complexities of modern society, diverse experiences, and higher education contribute to this adaptive thought process,...
1.4K
Interference and Decay01:16

Interference and Decay

628
Forgetting is a complex cognitive phenomenon influenced by several factors, among which interference and decay are particularly prominent. These processes explain why individuals often struggle to retrieve specific information from memory, leading to lapses in recall that can be observed in everyday situations.
Interference occurs when competing memories hinder the retrieval of particular information. It can be classified into two types: proactive and retroactive interference. Proactive...
628
Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition01:24

Revisionist Views of Adolescent and Adult Cognition

470
A revisionist approach to Jean Piaget's theory of cognitive development has brought new insights that challenge and reinterpret his established ideas. Piaget proposed that the formal operational stage, emerging in adolescence, represents the culmination of cognitive maturity. During this stage, individuals are said to develop abstract thinking, engage in systematic problem-solving, and show a form of egocentrism, believing others are as preoccupied with their behavior as they are...
470
Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination02:55

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

77.8K
Humans are very diverse and although we share many similarities, we also have many differences. The social groups we belong to help form our identities (Tajfel, 1974). These differences may be difficult for some people to reconcile, which may lead to prejudice toward people who are different. Prejudice is a negative attitude and feeling toward an individual based solely on one’s membership in a particular social group (Allport, 1954; Brown, 2010). Prejudice is common against people who...
77.8K
Aging01:26

Aging

1.1K
Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
Cellular Clock Theory
The cellular clock theory posits that the human lifespan is closely tied to the finite capacity of cells to divide, a phenomenon governed by telomeres, which are protective caps at the ends of...
1.1K
Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

891
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
891

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Celebrate or derogate? Reactions to older adults who feel young at heart.

Psychology and aging·2026
Same author

Inequity aversion toward AI counterparts.

Scientific reports·2025
Same author

Can intergroup contact on social media improve intergroup relations? Developing and testing a longitudinal intergroup contact field intervention on social media.

Journal of experimental psychology. General·2025
Same author

Ageism during the 2024 U.S. Presidential Election: thematic analysis of tweets.

The Gerontologist·2025
Same author

Stigma of Dementia on Social Media During World Alzheimer's Awareness Month: Thematic Analysis of Posts.

JMIR formative research·2025
Same author

Social Predictors of Hearing Aid Purchase: Do Stigma, Social Network Composition, Social Support, and Loneliness Matter?

Ear and hearing·2025
Same journal

Semantic and episodic contributions of long-term memory to working memory in young and older adults.

Psychology and aging·2026
Same journal

Older adults exhibit multisensory-specific cognitive control effects.

Psychology and aging·2026
Same journal

Autobiographical memory and metacognition in aging: A preserved ability to monitor memory retrieval.

Psychology and aging·2026
Same journal

Self-perceptions of aging and volunteering in later life: Examining longitudinal bidirectional associations in the German Ageing Survey (DEAS).

Psychology and aging·2026
Same journal

Age-related changes in eye movements during pictorial recall in older adults.

Psychology and aging·2026
Same journal

Gait matters in spatial orientation: Age-related differences in real-world wayfinding and cognitive mapping.

Psychology and aging·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing
06:58

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing

Published on: January 24, 2020

6.3K

Entity versus incremental theories predict older adults' memory performance.

Jason E Plaks1, Alison L Chasteen1

  • 1Department of Psychology.

Psychology and Aging
|October 17, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Older adults who believe memory abilities can improve (incremental theory) show better recall. Believing memory is fixed (entity theory) is linked to lower performance, especially when worry is present.

More Related Videos

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
07:01

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

Published on: September 20, 2020

3.9K
A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
09:13

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

10.9K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing
06:58

Highlighting and Reducing the Impact of Negative Aging Stereotypes During Older Adults' Cognitive Testing

Published on: January 24, 2020

6.3K
Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment
07:01

Working Memory Training for Older Participants: A Control Group Training Regimen and Initial Intellectual Functioning Assessment

Published on: September 20, 2020

3.9K
A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test
09:13

A Real-world What-Where-When Memory Test

Published on: May 16, 2017

10.9K

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience of Aging
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Older adults often experience declines in memory performance.
  • Implicit theories, or beliefs about the malleability of abilities, may influence cognitive functioning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if implicit theories of memory and general abilities predict memory performance in older adults.
  • To explore the role of implicit theories in memory performance across different age groups.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Implicit Theories Measure to assess entity (fixed ability) vs. incremental (malleable ability) beliefs.
  • Employed free-recall and reading span tasks to measure memory performance.
  • Manipulated participants' exposure to entity or incremental theory information in Study 3.

Main Results:

  • Higher endorsement of incremental theories correlated with better memory recall in older adults.
  • Implicit theories did not predict memory performance in younger adults.
  • Exposure to incremental theory information improved performance, an effect mediated by reduced pretask worry.

Conclusions:

  • Beliefs about the modifiability of memory and abilities are significant predictors of memory performance in older adults.
  • Fostering an incremental mindset may enhance cognitive function and reduce anxiety associated with memory tasks in aging.