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Related Concept Videos

Neuroplasticity01:01

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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Long-term potentiation, or LTP, is one of the ways by which synaptic plasticity—changes in the strength of chemical synapses—can occur in the brain. LTP is the process of synaptic strengthening that occurs over time between pre- and postsynaptic neuronal connections. The synaptic strengthening of LTP works in opposition to the synaptic weakening of long-term depression (LTD) and together are the main mechanisms that underlie learning and memory.
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Plasticity is the property where an object loses its elasticity and undergoes irreversible deformation, even after the deformation forces are eliminated. If a material deforms irreversibly without increasing stress or load, then this is called ideal plasticity. For example, when a force is applied to an aluminum rod, it changes its shape, but it does not return to its original shape once the force is removed. Plastic deformation or ductility is thus a permanent deformation or change in the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Standardized Induction and Assessment of Long-term Potentiation-like Cortical Plasticity Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation
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Standardized Induction and Assessment of Long-term Potentiation-like Cortical Plasticity Using Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

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The interaction between training and plasticity in the poststroke brain.

Steven R Zeiler1, John W Krakauer

  • 1aDepartment of Neurology bDepartment of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.

Current Opinion in Neurology
|October 19, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stroke recovery involves reducing impairment or compensating. The first 1-3 months post-stroke are crucial for impairment recovery due to a sensitive period of brain plasticity, influenced by training timing and type.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Rehabilitation Medicine
  • Stroke Research

Background:

  • Stroke recovery can manifest as reduced impairment or behavioral compensation.
  • Most impairment recovery occurs within 1-3 months post-stroke, driven by spontaneous brain reorganization and training.
  • This early recovery phase is linked to a transient sensitive period of post-stroke plasticity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the biological underpinnings of the post-stroke sensitive period.
  • To investigate optimal training strategies that leverage this sensitive period for motor recovery.
  • To differentiate between task-specific training and environmental enrichment for exploiting brain plasticity.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing human and nonhuman animal model studies.
  • Analysis of factors influencing post-stroke plasticity and reorganization.
  • Comparison of different training paradigms (task-specific vs. environmental enrichment).

Main Results:

  • Motor recovery degree is determined by training timing, intensity, and approach relative to stroke onset.
  • The post-stroke plasticity milieu and the extent of cortical reorganization are critical.
  • The sensitive period for plasticity is characterized by unique biological events.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is needed to understand the interaction between training types and post-stroke plasticity.
  • Strategies to augment and prolong the sensitive period are warranted.
  • Pharmacological agents and noninvasive brain stimulation may enhance recovery.