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MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Regulation of Expression Occurs at Multiple Steps02:24

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Gene expression can be regulated at almost every step from gene to protein. Transcription is the step that is most commonly regulated. This involves the binding of proteins to short regulatory sequences on the DNA. This association can either promote or inhibit the transcription of a gene associated with the respective sequence.
Transcription results in the generation of precursor (pre-mRNA) that consists of both exons and introns, which needs further processing before being translated to a...
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The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the...
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Updated: May 6, 2026

A Reporter Assay to Analyze Intronic microRNA Maturation in Mammalian Cells
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Approaches to the modulation of miRNA maturation.

Valerie T Tripp1, Jaclyn R McKenna, Douglas D Young

  • 1Integrated Science Center, College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, VA, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|October 30, 2013
PubMed
Summary

MicroRNA (miRNA) regulation is crucial for treating diseases. This review explores methods to manipulate miRNA levels for therapeutic benefit in conditions like cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, noncoding RNAs implicated in numerous diseases.
  • The complex miRNA maturation pathway offers multiple targets for therapeutic intervention.
  • Dysregulation of miRNA expression contributes to various pathological conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review in vivo and in vitro mechanisms for regulating miRNA levels.
  • To examine therapeutic agents and assays for miRNA modulation.
  • To highlight the potential of miRNA-based therapies for diseases, including cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on miRNA regulation mechanisms.
  • Analysis of small molecules and oligonucleotide-based therapeutic strategies.

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  • Examination of assays for monitoring miRNA levels and maturation.

    • Main Results:

    • Multiple strategies exist to modulate miRNA maturation and expression.
    • Therapeutic agents can target miRNA pathways specifically or nonspecifically.
    • In vivo and in vitro assays are available for studying miRNA regulation.

    Conclusions:

    • Targeting miRNA maturation presents a promising therapeutic avenue.
    • Novel miRNA-based therapies offer potential treatments for cancers and other disorders.
    • Further research into miRNA regulation will advance therapeutic applications.