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Abstract:
Renal-cell carcinoma rarely responds to cytotoxic chemotherapy, yet considerable evidence suggests that host factors may be capable of modifying the course of the disease. Although the mechanisms of interferon's antitumor effects are not well defined, the possibility that interferon might augment a host immune response provided a rationale for early clinical trials in this tumor. Investigations using various interferon alpha preparations (including interferons induced in human leukocytes and a human lymphoblastoid cell line) and recombinant interferons alfa-2a and alfa-2b have all provided evidence for antitumor activity. The overall major response rate with interferon alpha species in the 344 evaluable patients included in these 14 studies was 16.6% (57 patients), with response rates in individual studies ranging from 5% (1/21) to 31% (11/35). In renal-cell carcinoma, a response rate of the magnitude of 15% can be viewed with cautious optimism. Dose, schedule, route, and preparation have yet to be established for maximum efficacy, but progress has been made toward defining factors predicting response to treatment and mechanisms of interferon action.
Insights
Interferon alpha demonstrated antitumor activity in renal-cell carcinoma, with a 16.6% response rate in 344 patients. Further research is needed to optimize interferon therapy for kidney cancer.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Immunology
Background:
- Renal-cell carcinoma (kidney cancer) shows limited response to traditional chemotherapy.
- Host immune factors may influence the progression of renal-cell carcinoma.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the antitumor activity of interferon alpha in patients with renal-cell carcinoma.
- To explore the potential of interferon alpha in augmenting host immune responses against kidney cancer.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of 14 clinical studies involving 344 evaluable patients with renal-cell carcinoma.
- Analysis of data from various interferon alpha preparations, including leukocyte-derived and recombinant forms (alfa-2a, alfa-2b).
Main Results:
- Interferon alpha exhibited antitumor activity, with an overall major response rate of 16.6% (57 out of 344 patients).
- Individual study response rates varied significantly, ranging from 5% to 31%.
Conclusions:
- Interferon alpha offers a degree of therapeutic benefit in renal-cell carcinoma, warranting cautious optimism.
- Optimal dosing, scheduling, and preparation of interferon alpha require further investigation to maximize efficacy and understand its mechanisms of action.