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Related Concept Videos

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation01:21

Peripheral Arterial Disease II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Clinical manifestationsPeripheral Arterial Disease (PAD) manifests through a range of symptoms, from the characteristic intermittent claudication to atypical presentations and severe complications in advanced stages. Intermittent claudication, a hallmark symptom of PAD, presents as exercise-induced muscle pain that typically resolves within minutes of rest. This pain is reproducible and stems from inadequate blood flow, leading to the accumulation of lactic acid produced during anaerobic...
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Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests01:27

Atherosclerosis II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Tests

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Atherosclerosis is a progressive disorder that leads to the thickening and narrowing of arterial walls due to plaque buildup. This condition can cause various symptoms depending on the arteries affected:Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): This condition affects the coronary arteries and may lead to chest pain (angina), shortness of breath (dyspnea), heart attacks, and other heart disease symptoms.Cerebrovascular Disease: This affects blood flow to the brain, causing transient ischemic attacks (TIAs)...
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Arteries of Lower Limbs01:20

Arteries of Lower Limbs

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The external iliac artery transitions out of the body cavity, entering the femoral region of the lower leg, and is renamed the femoral artery at the point where it traverses the body wall. This artery is responsible for the distribution of blood to the thigh's deep muscles and the skin's ventral and lateral regions, achieved through several minor branches and the lateral deep femoral artery, which also spawns a lateral circumflex artery. The knee area receives blood from the genicular...
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Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation01:27

Assessment of the Cardiovascular System III: Palpation

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Palpation involves feeling the body to evaluate texture, size, consistency, and tenderness for assessing cardiovascular health. The following steps are organized in a head-to-toe order:
Jugular Venous Pressure (JVP) Measurement
Position the patient at a thirty- to forty-five-degree angle or in a semi-fowler's position. Look for the highest point of pulsation in the internal jugular vein and measure the vertical distance to the angle of Loius or sternal angle. A normal JVP is 3-4 cm above...
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Arteries of the Upper Limbs01:12

Arteries of the Upper Limbs

3.4K
The subclavian artery transitions into the axillary artery as it exits the chest and enters the axillary region. This artery is critical for supplying blood to the shoulder area, including the head of the humerus, through the humeral circumflex arteries. As the vessel continues into the upper arm or brachium, it becomes the brachial artery. This artery plays a key role in vascularizing the brachial region and bifurcates at the elbow into several branches. These branches include the deep...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 6, 2026

Measuring the Stiffness of Ex Vivo Mouse Aortas Using Atomic Force Microscopy
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Measuring the Stiffness of Ex Vivo Mouse Aortas Using Atomic Force Microscopy

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Arterial stiffness.

Ursula Quinn1, Laurie A Tomlinson, John R Cockcroft

  • 1Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Addenbrooke's Hospital , Cambridge , UK.

JRSM Cardiovascular Disease
|November 1, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Arterial stiffness, measured by aortic Pulse Wave Velocity (aPWV), is a key indicator of cardiovascular risk. Understanding arterial stiffening is vital for managing vascular damage and improving patient outcomes.

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Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Cf-PWV to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 6, 2026

Measuring the Stiffness of Ex Vivo Mouse Aortas Using Atomic Force Microscopy
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Measuring the Carotid to Femoral Pulse Wave Velocity Cf-PWV to Evaluate Arterial Stiffness
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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Research
  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Vascular Physiology

Background:

  • Arterial biomechanical properties are crucial surrogate outcomes in cardiovascular research.
  • Vessel structure and function naturally dampen blood flow pulsatility.
  • Loss of arterial elasticity leads to detrimental cardiovascular changes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the pathophysiological processes of arterial stiffening.
  • To discuss measurement techniques, driving factors, and therapeutic strategies for arterial stiffness.
  • To highlight the growing clinical importance of assessing arterial stiffness.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on arterial stiffness.
  • Focus on aortic Pulse Wave Velocity (aPWV) as a gold-standard measurement.
  • Exploration of pathophysiological links and clinical implications.

Main Results:

  • Increased arterial stiffness is linked to increased pulse pressure, left ventricular hypertrophy, and endothelial dysfunction.
  • Stiffening elevates the risk of stroke and renal failure due to microvasculature exposure.
  • Aortic Pulse Wave Velocity (aPWV) is independently associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Arterial stiffness measurement, particularly aPWV, is essential for early vascular damage detection and risk evaluation.
  • Pathology related to arterial stiffening will become increasingly significant, especially in an aging population.
  • Understanding arterial stiffening is vital for clinicians managing cardiovascular disease.