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Throwing injuries in the adolescent athlete.

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    Area of Science:

    • Sports Medicine
    • Pediatric Orthopedics
    • Rehabilitation Science

    Background:

    • Adolescents aged 11-15 represent a significant portion of US baseball and softball athletes.
    • Shoulder and elbow injuries are prevalent in this demographic, with pitchers and position players at higher risk.
    • Physeal injuries, distinct from soft tissue injuries, present unique rehabilitation challenges in this rapidly developing population.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline a criterion-based rehabilitation program for adolescent athletes with shoulder and elbow injuries.
    • To emphasize the importance of a structured return-to-sport progression.
    • To highlight key components of injury prevention and long-term athlete management.

    Main Methods:

    • Assessment of common impairments: shoulder range of motion, muscle performance, and neuromuscular control (scapula, core, lower extremity).
    • Implementation of a progressive, criterion-based rehabilitation protocol.
    • Guidance on safe return to sport, focusing on symptom resolution and functional recovery.

    Main Results:

    • Resolution of symptoms, acceptable range of motion, muscle performance, and neuromuscular control are discharge criteria.
    • Successful reintegration into sport requires professional guidance.
    • Prevention strategies include education, screening, and ongoing monitoring.

    Conclusions:

    • A comprehensive approach combining rehabilitation and prevention is essential for adolescent athletes with shoulder and elbow injuries.
    • Focus on long-term durability and injury prevention ensures sustained participation and performance.
    • Multidisciplinary involvement (sports medicine professionals, parents, coaches) is vital for optimal outcomes.