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Updated: May 6, 2026

Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives
Published on: September 16, 2021
Office-based sperm retrieval for treatment of infertility
Kiranpreet K Khurana1, Edmund S Sabanegh
1Department of Urology, Glickman Urological & Kidney Institute, Cleveland Clinic, 9500 Euclid Avenue, Q10, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA.
Abstract:
This article describes sperm retrieval procedures that may be performed in an office setting. Indications for sperm retrieval, preprocedural preparation, and anesthetic considerations are discussed. Vasal sperm aspiration, percutaneous epididymal sperm aspiration, microsurgical epididymal sperm aspiration, testicular sperm aspiration, conventional, and microdissection testicular sperm extraction are reviewed. Success and complication rates as well as factors that may influence success (histopathology, cancerous cause, Klinefelter syndrome, Y microdeletions, varicocele, and hormone administration) are reviewed.
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