When cells become organelle donors.

Area of Science:

• Cell Biology
• Intercellular Communication
• Organelle Biology

Background:

• Over 40 mechanisms of intercellular organelle transfer are known.
• Organelles such as mitochondria and lysosomes can be transferred between cells.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the mechanisms, structures, and conditions of organelle transfer.
• To highlight the role of external cell stress in activating transfer.
• To propose a research agenda for this emerging field.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of intercellular organelle transfer studies.
• Analysis of subcellular structures involved in transfer.
• Examination of conditions triggering transfer, focusing on external cell stress.

Main Results:

• Detailed overview of diverse intercellular organelle transfer mechanisms.
• Identification of external cell stress as a key activator of organelle transfer.
• Compilation of current knowledge gaps and future research priorities.

Conclusions:

• Intercellular organelle transfer is a multifaceted biological process.
• External cell stress significantly influences organelle transfer.
• Further research is crucial to fully understand this phenomenon and its implications.