Aortic root replacement with a stented bioprosthetic valved conduit: mid-term results

For patients who require aortic root replacement but are unwilling or unable to receive anticoagulants, a composite conduit was assembled intraoperatively that contained a stented biological valve sutured inside a vascular tube graft, rather than at its extremity. This simple modification of the Bentall concept may provide several advantages. The results obtained with this conduit over an 11-year period were analyzed.

Between May 2001 and April 2012, 101 consecutive patients (mean age 68.3 +/- 9.2 years) underwent aortic root replacement with the bioprosthetic valved conduit. Aortic pathologies included degenerative disease in 61 patients (60.4%), atherosclerosis in 20 (19.8%), annuloaortic ectasia in 12 (11.9%), porcelain aorta in four (4.0%), and acute dissection in four (4.0%). The whole ascending aorta was replaced in 79 patients (78.2%); a hemiarch reconstruction and a total arch replacement were added in 18 (17.8%) and four (4.0%) patients, respectively. Hypothermic circulatory arrest was performed in 60 cases (59.4%). Forty patients (39.6%) underwent additional cardiac procedures. All perioperative data were collected prospectively.

There were five (5.0%) hospital deaths. During a mean follow up of 3.8 +/- 2.4 years there were two non-valve-related cardiac deaths and five noncardiac deaths. The seven-year actuarial survival was 79.2% (95% CI 67.0-91.4%). Bioprosthetic structural dysfunction occurred in only one patient; reoperation was easily performed by replacing the valve within the vascular graft. In the remaining 88 patients (87.1%), echocardiographic assessment showed a low transaortic mean pressure gradient (7.2 +/- 4.7 mmHg) and left ventricular wall mass reduction (p = 0.0002).

This valved conduit is a safe and durable option for replacing the aortic root, thus facilitating the technique of implantation and simplifying reoperation in the case of valve failure.