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Related Concept Videos

Genomics02:02

Genomics

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Genomics is the science of genomes: it is the study of all the genetic material of an organism. In humans, the genome consists of information carried in 23 pairs of chromosomes in the nucleus, as well as mitochondrial DNA. In genomics, both coding and non-coding DNA is sequenced and analyzed. Genomics allows a better understanding of all living things, their evolution, and their diversity. It has a myriad of uses: for example, to build phylogenetic trees, to improve productivity and...
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Microarrays are high-throughput and relatively inexpensive assays that can be automated to analyze large quantities of data at a time. They are used in genome-wide studies to compare gene or protein expression under two varied conditions, such as healthy and diseased states. Microarrays consist of glass or silica slides on which probe molecules are covalently attached through surface functionalization. Most commonly, the slides are prepared through the chemisorption of silanes to silica...
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The genome of most prokaryotic organisms consists of double-stranded DNA organized into one circular chromosome in a region of cytoplasm called the nucleoid. The chromosome is tightly wound, or supercoiled, for efficient storage. Prokaryotes also contain other circular pieces of DNA called plasmids. These plasmids are smaller than the chromosome and often carry genes that confer adaptive functions, such as antibiotic resistance.
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Genome-wide Association Studies-GWAS01:11

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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Eukaryotes have large genomes compared to prokaryotes. To fit their genomes into a cell, eukaryotic DNA is packaged extraordinarily tightly inside the nucleus. To achieve this, DNA is tightly wound around proteins called histones, which are packaged into nucleosomes that are joined by linker DNA and coil into chromatin fibers. Additional fibrous proteins further compact the chromatin, which is recognizable as chromosomes during certain phases of cell division.
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Genetic screens are tools used to identify genes and mutations responsible for phenotypes of interest. Genetic screens help identify individuals or a group of people at risk of developing  genetic diseases and help them with early intervention, targeted therapy, and reproductive options.
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Mapping Mammalian 3D Genome Interactions with Micro-C-XL
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GIV: A Tool for Genomic Islands Visualization.

Dongsheng Che1, Han Wang

  • 1Department of Computer Science, East Stroudsburg University of Pennsylvania, East Stroudsburg, PA 18301, USA.

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PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Genomic Islands (GI) are DNA segments with foreign origins, crucial for understanding diseases. The Genomic Island Visualization (GIV) program helps researchers visualize these islands and their features within genomes.

Keywords:
Genomic islandsProkaryotic genomesSequence analysisVisualization

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Area of Science:

  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Genomic Islands (GI) are DNA sequences originating from foreign sources.
  • GIs are linked to significant biological functions, including pathogenicity islands.
  • Visualizing GIs and their associated features is critical for genomic research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a tool for visualizing Genomic Islands (GI) and their supporting features.
  • To aid biomedical researchers in identifying and analyzing GIs within genomic sequences.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a program named Genomic Island Visualization (GIV).
  • Implemented GIV using C++ programming language.
  • Ensured GIV is compatible with Linux/Unix operating systems.

Main Results:

  • GIV successfully displays the locations of genomic islands.
  • The program visualizes supporting feature information for identified GIs.
  • GIV provides a valuable tool for genomic data interpretation.

Conclusions:

  • The Genomic Island Visualization (GIV) program facilitates the analysis of GIs.
  • Effective visualization aids in understanding the functional implications of GIs.
  • GIV is a freely available resource for non-commercial research.