Comparative evaluation of osseointegration among different surface modification techniques in dental implants

Optimal osseointegration determines long-term dental implant success, yet the comparative effectiveness of surface modifications (SLA, TPS, HA, machined) remains insufficiently defined despite extensive research. This prospective study evaluated 120 implants across 80 patients randomized to sandblasted large-grit acid-etched (SLA), titanium plasma-sprayed (TPS), hydroxyapatite-coated (HA) or machined surfaces, measuring ISQ, marginal bone loss and BIC at baseline, 6, 12 and 24 weeks. SLA demonstrated superior ISQ (78.42±4.21) and BIC (72.18±6.34%) at 24 weeks versus machined surfaces (p<0.05), with HA performing closely second; TPS showed intermediate results. SLA surface modification yielded the highest osseointegration parameters, minimizing bone loss while maximizing stability across follow-up intervals. This helps to advance implantology by confirming SLA's clinical superiority over alternatives, guiding surface selection to optimize treatment predictability and longevity.