Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 5, 2026
09:37
A Phenotyping Regimen for Genetically Modified Mice Used to Study Genes Implicated in Human Diseases of Aging
Published on: July 14, 2016
7.7K
Haptoglobin polymorphism in individuals with type 2 diabetic microangiopathy.
Ahmad Ahmadzadeh Amiri1, Mohammad Bagher Hashemi-Soteh, Mohammad Reza Haghshenas
1Department of Ophthalmology, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran ; Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center and Medical Faculty, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Mazandaran, Iran.
North American Journal of Medical Sciences
|November 20, 2013
Summary
Haptoglobin phenotype 2-2 is linked to increased susceptibility in type 2 diabetes patients. Haptoglobin phenotype 2-1 may indicate a better prognosis for developing diabetes mellitus.
Area of Science:
- Genetics
- Endocrinology
- Immunology
Background:
- Haptoglobin (Hp) is an acute phase protein with antioxidant and immunomodulatory functions.
- Hp gene polymorphism is a potential risk factor for diabetic vascular complications.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between haptoglobin genotypes and the prevalence of diabetic microangiopathy in type 2 diabetes patients.
- To determine if specific haptoglobin phenotypes are linked to the development of diabetic neuropathy, retinopathy, or nephropathy.
Main Methods:
- Genotyping of haptoglobin was performed using amplification gel electrophoresis.
- A cohort of 206 type 2 diabetic patients and 114 healthy controls were analyzed.
- Diabetic patients were categorized based on the presence or absence of microvascular complications.
Main Results:
- The frequency of haptoglobin phenotype 2-2 was significantly higher in diabetic patients (61.1%) compared to non-diabetics (49.1%).
- Haptoglobin phenotype 2-1 was less frequent in diabetic patients (33.9%) than in non-diabetics (47.3%).
- No significant differences in microangiopathy prevalence were observed between haptoglobin phenotype groups within the diabetic cohort.
Conclusions:
- Haptoglobin phenotype 2-2 is identified as a major susceptibility factor for type 2 diabetes.
- Haptoglobin phenotype 2-1 may serve as a favorable prognostic indicator for diabetes mellitus development.
Keywords:
Diabetes mellitusDiabetic microvascular complicationsGenetic polymorphismsHaptoglobin genotypesMore Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:24Type II Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
36
PathophysiologyType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance and progressive pancreatic β-cell dysfunction, leading to impaired glucose homeostasis. It results from interactions among genetic predisposition, environmental factors, and metabolic stressors, such as overnutrition and a sedentary lifestyle.Insulin Resistance and Glucose DysregulationEarly T2DM involves insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, adipose tissue, and the liver.
36
01:25Type II Diabetes Mellitus III: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis
32
Type 2 diabetes mellitus develops gradually and is often asymptomatic in early stages.Clinical ManifestationsWhen symptoms appear, they include fatigue, blurred vision, pruritus, delayed wound healing, and recurrent infections, particularly candidal infections. Peripheral neuropathy may present as numbness or tingling in the extremities. Classic hyperglycemia symptoms—polyuria, polydipsia, and polyphagia—are less common. Most patients are overweight and frequently have associated...
32
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
5.0K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
5.0K
01:26Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology
121
Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular...
121
01:27Diabetic Retinopathy
65
DefinitionDiabetic retinopathy is a microvascular complication of diabetes affecting the retinal blood vessels.Risk FactorsDiabetic retinopathy is present in almost all individuals with type 1 diabetes and more than 60% of those with type 2 diabetes after two decades of disease.The risk increases with poor glycemic control, hypertension, dyslipidemia, smoking, pregnancy, and puberty.Although cataracts and glaucoma are also more frequent in people with diabetes, retinopathy remains the leading...
65
01:26Type II Diabetes I: Introduction
57
Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by insulin resistance, in which target tissues such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue respond poorly to insulin. It is also associated with inadequate compensatory insulin secretion, where pancreatic β-cells fail to produce sufficient insulin. Together, these abnormalities lead to persistent hyperglycemia.EtiologyT2DM develops through a complex interaction of genetic predisposition and environmental or...
57