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Related Concept Videos

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients01:15

Drug Dosing: Geriatric Patients

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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Development of Human Microbiota01:30

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The human microbiota begins developing at birth and undergoes continual change as we age. Infancy marks a critical period of microbial sensitivity, offering a “window of opportunity” during which beneficial microbes help mature the immune system. By age three, children typically develop a more stable and diverse microbial community. Newborns acquire microbes from their immediate environment; vaginal delivery favors maternal vaginal microbes, while cesarean births favor microbes from...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion01:18

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Excretion

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In geriatric patients, renal physiology undergoes significant changes, including diminished renal blood flow and a lower glomerular filtration rate (GFR), leading to alterations in medication clearance. Drugs such as aminoglycoside antibiotics, lithium, and digoxin, which rely on glomerular filtration for removal from the body, particularly impact pharmacokinetics. These drugs tend to have slower clearance rates in older adults, necessitating careful dosage considerations.Evaluation of renal...
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Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age01:27

Pharmacodynamics in Geriatric Patients: Effects of Age

376
Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption01:22

Pharmacokinetics in Geriatric Patients: Effect of Age on Drug Absorption

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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance01:25

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within...
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Culturing and Maintaining Clostridium difficile in an Anaerobic Environment
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Clostridium difficile infection in the elderly.

Jonathan M Keller1, Christina M Surawicz

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, 1959 Northeast Pacific Street, Box 356421, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.

Clinics in Geriatric Medicine
|November 26, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Clostridium difficile-associated illness (CDAI) is rising, especially in older adults who face higher risks of severe and recurrent infections. This review examines factors influencing CDAI severity and susceptibility in the aging population.

Keywords:
Antibiotic-associated diarrheaClostridium difficileElderly

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Geriatrics
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Clostridium difficile-associated illness (CDAI) is a significant and growing health concern.
  • Elderly individuals are disproportionately affected by symptomatic CDAI and its complications.
  • Complications include severe disease, fulminant infections, and recurrent CDI.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To analyze factors influencing the propensity and severity of Clostridium difficile disease.
  • To focus on aspects relevant to the aging population.
  • To understand the increased risk in elderly patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and analysis of existing studies on Clostridium difficile.
  • Focus on epidemiological data and risk factors in the elderly.
  • Examination of clinical manifestations and disease progression.

Main Results:

  • Identified key factors contributing to CDAI susceptibility and severity.
  • Highlighted specific vulnerabilities within the elderly demographic.
  • Discussed the impact of age on disease outcomes and recurrence.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding CDAI risk factors in the elderly is crucial for effective management.
  • Age-related changes influence disease presentation and treatment response.
  • Further research is needed to optimize prevention and treatment strategies for older adults.