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Marine envenomations.

Kamna S Balhara1, Andrew Stolbach

  • 1Department of Emergency Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, 1830 East Monument Street, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA.

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|November 27, 2013
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Marine organism envenomation, including sea snakes and jellyfish, is described, covering epidemiology, presentation, and treatment. This review details managing common and life-threatening marine stings and bites.

Keywords:
C fleckeriIrukandji syndromeJellyfishMarine antivenomMarine envenomationPhysalia physalisSpiny fishStingray

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Area of Science:

  • Marine toxicology
  • Emergency medicine
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Human envenomation from marine organisms is a significant public health concern.
  • Various marine species, including fish, invertebrates, and reptiles, possess venomous apparatuses capable of causing significant injury.
  • Understanding the epidemiology and clinical presentation of these envenomations is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide a comprehensive overview of the epidemiology and clinical presentation of human envenomation by marine organisms.
  • To discuss the pathophysiology, envenomation presentation, and treatment options for specific marine species.
  • To guide healthcare professionals in recognizing and managing both common and life-threatening marine envenomations.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of marine envenomation cases and scientific studies.
  • Synthesis of epidemiological data, clinical findings, and treatment strategies.
  • Categorization of envenomations by marine organism type.

Main Results:

  • Detailed descriptions of envenomation by sea snakes, stingrays, spiny fish, jellyfish, octopuses, cone snails, sea urchins, and sponges.
  • Information on venom pathophysiology and characteristic clinical presentations for each organism group.
  • Guidance on the management of common exposures leading to morbidity and critical, life-threatening exposures.

Conclusions:

  • Effective management of marine envenomations requires accurate recognition of the causative organism and understanding of its venom.
  • Prompt and appropriate treatment can significantly reduce morbidity and mortality associated with marine stings and bites.
  • Further research into novel treatments and public awareness campaigns are essential for mitigating the impact of marine envenomations.