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Related Concept Videos

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction01:22

Bacterial Meningitis I: Introduction

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Bacterial meningitis is a severe, life-threatening inflammation of the meninges, particularly the pia mater and arachnoid mater, affecting the subarachnoid space, ventricles, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). If untreated, it can lead to significant neurological complications or death.Causative AgentsCommon pathogens vary with age and immune status. In adults, major organisms include Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitidis, and Haemophilus influenzae. Streptococcus agalactiae (group B...
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Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

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Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...
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Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

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Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
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Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
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Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

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A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial...
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Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

30
Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
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A Neonatal Imaging Model of Gram-Negative Bacterial Sepsis
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Neonatal meningitis.

A A Al-Harthi1, K A Dagriri, A A Asindi

  • 1Department of Child Health and Microbiology, Assir Central Hospital, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)
|November 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia marcescens were the primary causes of neonatal meningitis in Saudi Arabia. Antibiotic susceptibility testing guided treatment, highlighting imipenem and cefotaxime as effective options.

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Area of Science:

  • Neonatal infectious diseases
  • Bacteriology
  • Clinical microbiology

Background:

  • Neonatal meningitis poses a significant threat to infant health.
  • Understanding local etiological patterns and antibiotic resistance is crucial for effective management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify common bacterial pathogens causing neonatal meningitis.
  • To assess their antibiotic susceptibility patterns.
  • To inform empirical antibiotic therapy in a Saudi Arabian intensive care unit.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of medical records.
  • Analysis of cerebrospinal fluid cultures from neonates with meningitis.
  • Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing.

Main Results:

  • Klebsiella pneumoniae (31%) and Serratia marcescens (21%) were the most frequent pathogens.
  • Mortality rate was 48%.
  • Imipenem and cefotaxime showed good efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Klebsiella pneumoniae and Serratia sp. are leading causes of neonatal meningitis in this region.
  • Serratia infection frequency is notably high compared to global reports.
  • Empirical antibiotic choices should be guided by local resistance patterns, moving away from ampicillin.