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Related Concept Videos

Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

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Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
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Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
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Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

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Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
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Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

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A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial...
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Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology01:26

Bacterial Meningitis II: Pathophysiology

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Bacterial meningitis typically begins when pathogens such as Neisseria meningitidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae colonize the nasopharynx and invade the bloodstream. This process is facilitated by bacterial virulence factors, such as polysaccharide capsules, which resist phagocytosis and complement-mediated killing. Less commonly, bacteria reach the central nervous system via contiguous spread from infections like otitis media or sinusitis, through congenital or acquired dural defects, or...
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Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Human Brucellar Spondylodiscitis
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Diagnosis and Surgical Treatment of Human Brucellar Spondylodiscitis

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Neurobrucellosis.

B N Gokul1, A Paul, I Hussein

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Midhnab General Hospital, PO Box 253, Al-Midhnab, Al-Qassim. Tel. +966 (6) 342 2206. Fax. +966 (6) 342 1325.

Neurosciences (Riyadh, Saudi Arabia)
|November 27, 2013
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Brucellosis can affect the central nervous system, causing neurobrucellosis. Definitive diagnosis requires specific criteria, as illustrated by two challenging cases encountered recently.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Neurology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Brucellosis is endemic in Saudi Arabia, frequently causing multisystemic illness.
  • Central nervous system involvement, known as neurobrucellosis, presents with diverse and often obscure neurological manifestations.
  • Accurate diagnosis of neurobrucellosis can be challenging due to its non-specific presentation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the diagnostic challenges of neurobrucellosis.
  • To present two cases of neurobrucellosis encountered at a tertiary hospital.
  • To underscore the importance of specific diagnostic criteria for neurobrucellosis.

Main Methods:

  • Case report methodology.
  • Review of clinical presentations and diagnostic workups for two patients with suspected neurobrucellosis.
  • Application of established diagnostic criteria for neurobrucellosis.

Main Results:

  • Two cases of neurobrucellosis were identified over a 10-year period.
  • Both cases presented with complex neurological symptoms requiring thorough investigation.
  • The diagnostic process highlighted the difficulties in recognizing neurobrucellosis.

Conclusions:

  • Neurobrucellosis is an uncommon but significant complication of brucellosis.
  • Early recognition and adherence to diagnostic criteria are crucial for timely management.
  • Increased awareness among clinicians is necessary for diagnosing this challenging condition.