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Autism spectrum disorders

Kara Fitzgerald1, Mark Hyman, Kathie Swift

  • 1Kara Fitzgerald, ND, is coauthor of Case Studies in Integrative and Functional Medicine and is on faculty for the Institute for Functional Medicine, Gig Harbor, Washington.

Global Advances in Health and Medicine
|November 27, 2013
PubMed

Insights

Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a common neurodevelopmental condition. Research indicates higher prevalence and significant medical costs, with genetics and environment both playing a role.

Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental Disorders
  • Pediatric Neurology
  • Genetics and Environment

Background:

  • Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are the most common pediatric neurodevelopmental conditions.
  • ASDs encompass autism, PDD-NOS, Rett syndrome, and Asperger disorder.
  • Key characteristics include impaired social communication and interaction, with potential for developmental delays and seizures.

Observation:

  • Recent parent reports indicate ASD prevalence as high as 1:91 in the US.
  • ASD diagnoses occur 4-5 times more frequently in boys than girls.
  • CDC estimates show a rise in ASD diagnosis rates from 1:150 in 2007 to 1:110 currently.

Findings:

  • Annual medical expenditures for individuals with ASD are 4-6 times higher than for those without.
  • Twin studies confirm a significant genetic component in ASD etiology.
  • A 20-fold increase in ASD incidence over two decades suggests environmental factors are also crucial.

Implications:

  • Understanding the complex interplay of genetic and environmental factors is vital for ASD research.
  • Accurate prevalence data and cost analysis are essential for public health planning and resource allocation.
  • Further investigation into environmental influences may reveal novel prevention or intervention strategies.

Keywords:
Autism spectrum disordersdevelopmental disorderfood reactionsirritability

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