Related Experiment Video
Updated: May 5, 2026

Two-way Valorization of Blast Furnace Slag: Synthesis of Precipitated Calcium Carbonate and Zeolitic Heavy Metal Adsorbent
Published on: February 21, 2017
Comparison of final irrigation techniques in removal of calcium hydroxide
Ali Çağın Yücel1, Melek Gürel, Eda Güler
1Department of Endodontics, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey Department of Restorative Dentistry, Ondokuz Mayis University, Samsun, Turkey Department of Endodontics, University of Pennsylvania, School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
Abstract:
The aim of this study was to compare new irrigation systems with a conventional irrigation technique for the removal of inter-appointment calcium hydroxide [Ca(OH)2 ]. Forty-seven extracted human single-rooted teeth were instrumented, and Ca(OH)2 paste was placed into root canals by using a lentulo spiral at the apical third. Teeth were randomly divided into three groups according to different irrigation protocols using a 30-gauge slot-tipped needle, EndoVac system and ProUltra® PiezoFlow™ ultrasonic irrigation system. Scanning electron microscopic images of the selected root canal surfaces (cervical, middle and apical third) were evaluated using a 5-grade scale. The influence of the irrigation system was evaluated using a two-way analysis of variance test and Tukey's test. The EndoVac and PiezoFlow groups demonstrated the lowest scale values (cleanest canals); however, there was no statistical difference between these two groups. The conventional irrigation group exhibited significantly higher scores (P < 0.05). The conventional needle irrigation was not sufficient to remove Ca(OH)2 from the root canal system. Irrigation with EndoVac and PiezoFlow™ ultrasonic irrigation systems improved the removal of the intracanal medicament resulting in cleaner root canal walls.
More Related Videos
08:09Wastewater Irrigation Impacts on Soil Hydraulic Conductivity: Coupled Field Sampling and Laboratory Determination of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity
Published on: August 19, 2018
06:27Sandy Soil Improvement through Microbially Induced Calcite Precipitation MICP by Immersion
Published on: September 12, 2019
Related Concept Videos
Factors Affecting Solubility
Hydration of Cement
Coagulation
Qualitative Analysis
For instance, group IV...
Drying Shrinkage
A portion of this drying shrinkage can be reversed; if the concrete is...
Washing, Drying, and Ignition of Precipitates