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Updated: May 5, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
Published on: February 13, 2021
Management of ACCF/AHA Stage C heart failure
Sasikanth Adigopula1, Rey P Vivo, Eugene C DePasquale
1Mechanical Circulatory Support & Heart Transplantation Program, Ahmanson-UCLA Cardiomyopathy Center, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, 100 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 630 East, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Abstract:
ACC Stage C heart failure includes those patients with prior or current symptoms of heart failure in the context of an underlying structural heart problem who are primarily managed with medical therapy. Although there is guideline-based medical therapy for those with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF), therapies in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) have thus far proven elusive. Emerging therapies such as serelaxin are currently under investigation and may prove beneficial. The role of advanced surgical therapies, such as mechanical circulatory support, in this population is not well defined. Further investigation is warranted for these therapies in patients with Stage C heart failure.
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