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Related Concept Videos

Birth Control Methods01:22

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Vasectomy is a surgical form of male sterilization that involves severing and sealing the vasa deferentia, preventing sperm from mixing with semen during ejaculation. Because a vasectomy does not impact the testes' ability to produce testosterone, hormone levels, libido, and sexual function generally remain unchanged. While vasectomy is highly effective in preventing pregnancy, with a success rate near 99.85%, rare cases of recanalization (spontaneous reconnection) can occur. Although...
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Controlled-release systems for intravaginal and intrauterine drug delivery have been developed primarily for the administration of contraceptive steroid hormones. These delivery routes circumvent first-pass hepatic metabolism, thereby enhancing bioavailability and allowing for reduced systemic dosages compared to oral administration. Such approaches contribute to improved therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance, particularly in long-term contraceptive regimens.Intravaginal Drug Delivery...
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Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
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The gonads, namely the testes in males and the ovaries in females, are pivotal in producing gonadal hormones that orchestrate the intricate processes of sexual development and reproduction.
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The intricate hormonal interplay essential for male reproductive health begins with the release of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) by the hypothalamus. This hormone prompts the pituitary gland to secrete follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH). LH targets the Leydig cells in the testes, stimulating them to produce and release testosterone. In concert with testosterone, FSH acts on the Sertoli cells within the seminiferous tubules to facilitate the release of...
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Male contraception: history and development.

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Male contraception options remain limited, with no new methods approved despite advances. This review explores current, emerging, and theoretical male birth control, aiming to share responsibility.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Health
  • Urology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Female contraception has advanced significantly, yet male options are limited to condoms and vasectomy.
  • This disparity places a disproportionate burden of contraceptive responsibility on women.
  • Existing male methods have limitations, including discomfort and permanence.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of male contraception.
  • To discuss emerging and theoretically possible methods for male birth control.
  • To highlight the need for diverse and effective male contraceptive options.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of scientific publications.
  • Analysis of hormonal, nonhormonal, and procedural contraceptive developments.
  • Categorization of methods into currently available, near-future, and theoretical.

Main Results:

  • Limited approved methods for male contraception exist.
  • Significant research is underway for hormonal, nonhormonal, and reversible procedural methods.
  • Several promising candidates are in various stages of development.

Conclusions:

  • There is a critical need for new, effective male contraceptive options.
  • Advances in hormonal and nonhormonal research show promise for future availability.
  • Expanding male contraceptive choices can promote shared reproductive responsibility.