Diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state
Jelena Maletkovic1, Andrew Drexler
1Department of Endocrinology, UCLA School of Medicine, Gonda Diabetes Center, 200 UCLA Medical Plaza, Suite 530, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America
|November 30, 2013
Summary
Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) are dangerous diabetes complications. Despite insulin, these crises remain major causes of illness, death, and economic burden globally.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Disorders
- Diabetes Mellitus Management
Background:
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state (HHS) are acute, life-threatening complications of uncontrolled diabetes mellitus.
- These hyperglycemic crises pose significant global health challenges, affecting diverse populations and socioeconomic groups.
- The discovery of insulin revolutionized diabetes care, yet DKA and HHS persist as critical concerns.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide a comprehensive review of diabetic ketoacidosis and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar state.
- To detail the current epidemiology, precipitating factors, and pathogenesis of these conditions.
- To outline the clinical presentation, evaluation, and treatment strategies for DKA and HHS.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current epidemiology.
- Analysis of precipitating factors and pathogenesis.
- Synthesis of clinical presentation, evaluation, and treatment data.
Main Results:
- DKA and HHS remain significant causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide.
- These conditions represent a substantial economic burden on healthcare systems.
- Despite advances in diabetes treatment, these acute complications continue to impact patients across all demographics.
Conclusions:
- DKA and HHS are critical, potentially fatal complications of diabetes mellitus requiring ongoing attention.
- Effective management and prevention strategies are essential to reduce morbidity, mortality, and economic impact.
- Continued research and clinical focus are necessary to address the persistent challenges posed by these hyperglycemic crises.
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