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Electronic Distance Measuring Instruments (EDMs) are essential tools in modern surveying, offering precise distance measurements by emitting electromagnetic signals and calculating the time required for these signals to travel to a target and return. Two primary types of signals are used in EDMs — light waves and microwaves — each suited to specific environmental and distance requirements. Light-wave-based EDMs utilize either infrared or laser light, providing high accuracy over...
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Absolute distance sensing by two laser optical interferometry.

Klaus Thurner1, Pierre-François Braun, Khaled Karrai

  • 1attocube systems AG, Königinstraße 11a RGB, 80539 München, Germany.

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Summary

This study introduces absolute distance sensing using two-laser optical interferometry, overcoming ambiguity range limitations. The technique achieves nanometer precision for sub-meter distances, enhancing measurement accuracy.

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Area of Science:

  • Optical Metrology
  • Interferometry
  • Precision Measurement

Background:

  • Traditional interferometry often faces limitations due to ambiguity ranges, restricting absolute distance measurements.
  • Multiple wavelength interferometers typically require complex setups and are still bound by inherent ambiguity.
  • Accurate absolute distance sensing is crucial for various scientific and industrial applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and demonstrate a novel method for absolute distance sensing.
  • To overcome the ambiguity range limitations inherent in conventional interferometric techniques.
  • To achieve nanometer-level precision in measuring absolute distances within the sub-meter range.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a two-laser optical interferometry technique.
  • Utilized a low-finesse Fabry-Pérot miniature fiber-based interferometer.
  • Implemented two diode lasers operating in the 1550 nm range with a specific wavelength difference to create a 25 μm beating pattern, followed by scanning one wavelength (3.4 nm) to resolve ambiguity.

Main Results:

  • Achieved absolute distance determination without the typical ambiguity range limitations.
  • Demonstrated nanometer-precise position measurement enabled by a 25 μm periodic interferometric pattern.
  • Successfully measured absolute distances in the sub-meter range with a repeatability of just a few nanometers.

Conclusions:

  • The developed two-laser interferometry method provides a robust solution for absolute distance sensing.
  • This technique effectively eliminates ambiguity ranges, offering superior measurement capabilities.
  • The system's high precision and repeatability make it suitable for demanding metrology applications.